NOPR Collection:

Simultaneous removal of NO_X and SO₂ in exhausted gas through landfill leachate

2010-11-21T16:30:32Z

Title: Simultaneous removal of NO_X and SO₂ in exhausted gas through landfill leachate Authors: Han, Yaqiong; Zhang, Weijiang Abstract: Simultaneous removal of NOx and SO₂ from exhausted gas were investigated by studying co-culture of sulfate reducing bacteria and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria, separated from landfill leachate. When H₂S, generated by sulfate reducing bacteria was chosen as the sole electron donor for anaerobic denitrifying bacteria, the co-culture system demonstrated a faster NO removal rate, higher stability and better permanence. When the feed gas flow rates of N₂ and SO₂ were maintained constant at 0.1 m³/h and 16 ml/min respectively, the maximum NO-removal rate could be achieved at over 92% with NO feed gas kept between 2-6 ml/min, while the SO₂ removal rate was always above 95%. Long-term continuous removal of NO exhibited an evident periodicity of five days, however, the fluctuation range of NO-removal was decreasing. Moreover, the decrease of the gas flow rate and the increase in NO inlet concentration could contribute to a higher NO-removal rate Page(s): 1237-1242

Biological activity of sea anemone proteins: II. Cytolysis and cell line toxicity

2010-11-20T16:30:24Z

Title: Biological activity of sea anemone proteins: II. Cytolysis and cell line toxicity Authors: Ravindran, Vinoth S; Kannan, L; Venkateshvaran, K Abstract: Potent cytolytic activity was exhibited by proteins extracted from three sea anemones viz. Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla haddoni and Paracodylactis sinensis by affecting the red blood corpuscles (RBC) and the mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) and leukemia cell line (P388). Crude toxin of all the three anemone species induced spontaneous hemolysis of chicken, goat and human erythrocytes. The crude toxin of H. magnifica (0.98 mg/ml) elicited hemolysis at levels of 4096, 512 and 4096 HU (hemolytic unit) in chicken, goat and human erythrocytes respectively. Subsequently, the crude toxin of S.haddoni (0.82 mg/ml) exhibited a hemolytic activity of 256, 128 and 512 HU and that of P. sinensis (0.60 mg/ml) had a hemolytic activity of 128, 4096 and 512 HU. Most of the partially purified proteins of these anemones also exhibited the activity against the three different erythrocytes. The viability of L929 and P388 was adversely affected on adding the crude toxins. The symptoms of toxicity shown by the cells were rounding, lysis and detachment from the substratum. These effects were the least in S. haddoni, as compared to those the crude toxins of the other two species. Inhibition of growth of L929 exhibited by the toxin of the three species ranged between 61.08 and 93.38%. Similarly, inhibition of the growth of P388 ranged between 51.32 and 86.16%. The present investigation reveal the cytotoxic nature of anemone toxins. Page(s): 1233-1236

Biological activity of sea anemone proteins: I. Toxicity and histopathology

2010-11-19T16:30:35Z

Title: Biological activity of sea anemone proteins: I. Toxicity and histopathology Authors: Ravindran, Vinoth S; Kannan, L; Venkateshvaran, K Abstract: The crude as well as partially purified protein fractions from anemone species viz. Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla haddoni and Paracodylactis sinensis, collected from the Gulf of Mannar, south east coast of India were found to be toxic at different levels to mice. The mice showed behavioral changes such as loss of balance, opaque eyes, tonic convulsions, paralysis, micturiction, flexing of muscles, prodding (insensitive to stimulii), foaming from mouth and exophthalmia. The toxic proteins upon envenomation produced several chronic and lethal histopathological changes like formation of pycnotic nuclii and glial nodules in the brain; heamolysis, thrombosis and myocardial haemorrhage in the heart; granulomatous lesions, and damage to the hepatic cells in the liver and haemorrhage throughout the kidney parenchyma and shrinkage of glomerular tufts in the kidney. The toxins proved to be neurotoxic, cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic by their action on internal organ systems. The toxins were also thermostable till 60^oC and had considerable shelf life. Page(s): 1225-1232

Screening of certain medicinal plants from India for their anti-quorum sensing activity

2010-11-22T16:30:19Z

Title: Screening of certain medicinal plants from India for their anti-quorum sensing activity Authors: Zahin, Maryam; Hasan, Sameena; Aqil, Farrukh; Khan, Mohd. Sajjad Ahmad; Husain, Fohad Mabood; Ahmad, Iqbal Abstract: Discovery of quorum sensing (QS) system to coordinate virulence and biofilm formation in bacterial pathogens has triggered search for safe, stable and non-toxic anti-QS compounds from natural products. Ethanolic extracts of 24 Indian medicinal plants were tested by agar well and disc diffusion assay for anti-QS activity using Chromobacterium violaceum (CV12472 and CVO26) reporter strains. AHL from C. violaceum CV31532 was isolated and partially purified for its use in CVO26 based bioassay. Effect on swarming-motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) was also recorded at sub-MIC concentrations of extracts. Of the 24 medicinal plants screened Hemidesmus indicus (L.) Schult (root), Holarrhena antidysenterica (Roth)A.DC. (bark), Mangifera indica L. (seed) Punica granatum L. (pericarp) and Psoralea corylifolia L. (seed) demonstrated varying level of inhibition of violacein production in the reporter strains. Moreover, a significant reduction in swarms was recorded over control. The inhibition of violacein production and swarming motility may be due to direct or indirect interference on QS by active constituents or the interactive effect of different phytocompounds present in the extracts. These plant extracts may be selected for activity guided fractionation to identify and characterize the active principle Page(s): 1219-1224

NOPR Collection:

Simultaneous removal of NOX and SO2 in exhausted gas through landfill leachate

Biological activity of sea anemone proteins: II. Cytolysis and cell line toxicity

Biological activity of sea anemone proteins: I. Toxicity and histopathology

Screening of certain medicinal plants from India for their anti-quorum sensing activity

Simultaneous removal of NO_X and SO₂ in exhausted gas through landfill leachate