NOPR Collection:

Reclamation of dye wastewater using a flat sheet nanofiltration membrane: Study of permeate flux and quality

2016-07-20T05:03:13Z

Title: Reclamation of dye wastewater using a flat sheet nanofiltration membrane: Study of permeate flux and quality Authors: Patel, Tejal M; Roy, Tanya; Mishra, Ankita; Nath, Kaushik Abstract: This study presents treatment of dye containing wastewater in a nanofiltration pilot plant using hydrophilized polyamide membrane of flat sheet module. Permeate flux (PF) decreased with time of operation due to concentration polarization. Effect of trans-membrane pressure (TMP) showed a quasi-linear increase in flux with increasing pressure. PF (1.44 × 10^-6 m³/m².s) at 5 kg/cm² was enhanced as PF (1.62 × 10^-6 m³/m².s) at 10 kg/cm². Flux increased considerably with increase in dilution of wastewater. Maximum PFs obtained with 5 fold and 10 fold dilutions were 3.95 × 10^-6 and 7.06 × 10^-6 m³/m².s respectively. Substantial removal of colour (98.3%) was achieved with a marked reduction in COD (89%) and TDS (77.2%). Page(s): 437-442

Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission from thermal treatment of petroleum sludge cake in the presence of different additives

2016-07-20T05:02:12Z

Title: Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission from thermal treatment of petroleum sludge cake in the presence of different additives Authors: Pakpahan, Edward Nixon; Isa, Mohamed Hasnain; Kutty, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed; porn Chantara, Som; Wiriya, Wan; Faye, Ibrahima Abstract: This study evaluates effectiveness of 4 additives [CaO, Ca(OH)₂ + NaHCO₃, H₂O₂, and FeSO₄ + H₂O₂] in thermal degradation of hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in petroleum sludge cake. Residual concentrations of 16 priority PAHs were determined using GC-MS. Total PAH conc. was found as: gas, 3.11 × 10^-4 - 4.36 × 10^-4 ppmv; particulate, 7.92 × 10^-5 - 5.24 × 10^-4 mg/m3; and residue, 1.37 × 10^-4 - 1.07 × 10⁰ μg/g. Total toxicity equivalence of PAHs relative to that of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was found as: gas, 3.11 × 10^-7 - 4.41 × 10^-7; particulate, 3.87 × 10^-7 - 3.85 × 10^-5; and residue, 6.17 × 10^-7 - 9.65 × 10^-3. Ca(OH)₂ + NaHCO₃ was most suitable due to least emission of high molecular weight PAHs, lower equivalent carcinogenicity of products, and lower concentrations of PAHs in gas, particulate and residue. Page(s): 430-436

Pressure distribution of rotating small wind turbine blades with winglet using wind tunnel

2016-07-20T05:01:24Z

Title: Pressure distribution of rotating small wind turbine blades with winglet using wind tunnel Authors: Saravanan, P; Parammasivam, K M; Rajan, Selvi Abstract: This study presents pressure distribution over an envelope of blade with and without winglets for a small wind turbine in boundary layer wind tunnel. Different winglet configurations were tried based on winglet height and curvature radius. Pressure measurements were made with different chordwise and spanwise locations on the blade with and without winglets nearby tip region. Winglet improves overall pressure difference between pressure surface and suction surface. Presence of winglet seemed to have the pressure increased at 0.3c and maximum pressure difference was observed at a span of 0.95R for all winglet configurations. In suction, surface pressure decrease was 10% for all winglet configurations. Page(s): 425-429

A sliding mode multimodel control for a sensorless photovoltaic system

2016-07-20T05:00:41Z

Title: A sliding mode multimodel control for a sensorless photovoltaic system Authors: Rhif, Ahmed; Kardous, Zohra; Braiek, Naceur BenHadj Abstract: This study presents a sliding mode multimodal control for a sensorless photovoltaic panel, which sets itself as per the sun position at every second during the day for a period of five years; then tracker, using sliding mode multimodal controller and a sliding mode observer, will track these positions to make sunrays orthogonal to photovoltaic cell that produces more energy. After sunset, tracker goes back to initial position of sunrise. This autonomic dual axis sun tracker increases power production by over 40%. Page(s): 418-424