NOPR Collection:

Raw material resource for biodegradable plastic production from cafeteria wastes

2016-07-20T04:18:46Z

Title: Raw material resource for biodegradable plastic production from cafeteria wastes Authors: Din, M F Md; Huey, S C; Yunus, S Muhd; Ahmad, M A; Ponraj, M; Ujang, Z; Shreeshivadasan, Chelliapan Abstract: This study presents treatment performance of cafeteria waste and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in two stage process through an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR). COD removal efficiency was found as follows: SBR, 93; and UASB - SBR, 95.4%. In addition, 30% ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) was noted at high aerobic condition and phosphate (PO4) removal efficiency increased at high anoxic conditions. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) intermediates such as acetic acid increased from 505 up to 4315 mg.l^-1 in effluent of UASB reactor and successfully consumed in SBR for PHA production. Acetic acid concentration was reduced significantly in SBR from 4315 to 50 mg.l^-1. During this period, PHA production was increased to 68% over cell dried weight, confirming effectiveness of sequential UASB-SBR system in producing bioplastic from cafeteria waste. Page(s): 573-578

Removal of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution using gyrolite

2016-07-20T04:21:40Z

Title: Removal of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution using gyrolite Abstract: This study presentsa: gyrolite as adsorbent for removal of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Adsorption reactions were found more intensive in alkaline solution (pH 10.61) because almost all (98-99%) zinc, copper and cadmium ions are adsorbed in 30 s. Ion-exchange equilibrium is reached only after 3 min in acidic (pH 5.86) medium. Alkaline solution substitution isomorphism was found typical to gyrolite because 20% of heavy metals ions participate in ion exchange reaction and other part of ions were present in gyrolite by chemosorption. At acidic solution, cation exchange mechanism proceed differs because all heavy metal ions participate only in ion exchange reaction. Crystal structure of gyrolite is stable in solutions (pH, 5.81-10.61). XRD, STA, FTIR and SEM methods characterized sorption products. Page(s): 566-572

Tribological and emission studies on two stroke petrol engine lubricated with sunflower methyl ester

2016-07-20T04:21:08Z

Title: Tribological and emission studies on two stroke petrol engine lubricated with sunflower methyl ester Authors: Kumar, G Senthil; Balamurugan, K; Vinu, S; Radhakrishnan, M; Senthilprabhu, G Abstract: This study presents testing of sunflower methyl ester (SFME) and manufacturer’s recommended oil (MAK 2T oil) mixed in definite proportions as two stroke crankcase lubricants. ASTM four ball wear tests conducted with SFME and with nano copper particle additives resulted in less wear scar in balls, ensuring less wear in engine with SFME + 1.5% nano copper. Emission analysis for smoke, conducted on definite proportion of SFME along with MAK 2T oil [1.5% blend (98.5% MAK 2T oil + 1.5% SFME with additives)] using an exhaust gas analyser, resulted in reduction of HC and CO. Page(s): 562-565

Design of polypill for treatment of type -II diabetes mellitus associated with dyslipidemia

2016-07-20T04:20:33Z

Title: Design of polypill for treatment of type -II diabetes mellitus associated with dyslipidemia Authors: Deshpande, Rohan D; Gowda, D.V.; Vasanti, S; Mahammed, Nawaz Abstract: This study presents development of a bilayered tablet with sustained release (SR) of Metformin hydrochloride (MH) and immediate release of Atorvastatin calcium (AC), used as anti-hyperglycemic agent in patients with type 2 diabetes, by lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose and competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. In SR layer, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (Sodium CMC) and Hydroxy Propyl Methylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4M) were used as retarding material but Hydroxy Propyl Methylcellulose 15 Cps (HPMC 15 Cps) was used as channeling agent. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. FT-IR studies showed no interaction between drugs and polymers used in the study. Optimized formulation gave an initial burst effect and followed by SR for 8 h (92.53%), without any drug degradation during stability studies. Drug release from formulation was dose dependent and by diffusion mechanism. Page(s): 556-561