NOPR Collection:

Alkylbenzenes for detergents

2013-11-02T16:42:43Z

Title: Alkylbenzenes for detergents Authors: Saha, Shyamal Kumar; Saha, Dipti; Saha, Manoranjan Abstract: Detergent alkylates have been obtained by the alkylation of benzene with -olefins (C₉-C₁₆) in the presence of borontrifluoride etherate. Page(s): 25-27

Baker's yeast medicated hydrolysis of Schiff's base

2013-11-03T16:43:27Z

Title: Baker's yeast medicated hydrolysis of Schiff's base Authors: Yadav, Vasanti G; Chandalia, S B Abstract: In the synthesis of aromatic aldehyde from carboxylic acid via hydrazide of the acid by air oxidation using butyl amine invariably Schiff's base is formed. Hydrolysis of the Schiff 's base to aldehydes using baker's yeast has been reported in this work. Page(s): 72-73

Biosynthesis of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) from cheese whey using Azotobacter vinelandii

2013-10-30T16:44:01Z

Title: Biosynthesis of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) from cheese whey using Azotobacter vinelandii Authors: Dhanasekar, R; Viruthagiri, T; Sabarathinam, P L Abstract: Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] is a homopolymer of 3-hydroxy butyrate and is the most widespread and best characterized member of the polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHAs). Eventhough, P(3HB) has been recognized as a good candidate for biodegradable plastics, their high price compared with conventional pl as tics has limited their use in a wide range of applications. Azotobacter vinelandii (MTCC 124*) was used for the studies because it is able to utilize sucrose, which suggests a cheap carbon source such as cheese whey. The cost of carbon substrate significantly affected the overall economics in large scale production. Tn order to reduce the cost of production, waste whey from cheese making industry is used as a substrate. The effect of different nitrogen sources on the production of P(3HB) was studied. Bacterial peptone gives the maximum production of 1.44 g P(3 HB)L^-1 with an incubation time of 48 h. The other effects such as substrate concentration, inoculums size and the environmental condition such as pH are also studied. It was observed that by increasing the inoculum size the time of incubation can be reduced considerably. Productivity of 0.03 g L^-1 h^-1 was obtained while a maximum productivity of 0.008 g L^-1 h^-1 has been reported by using l% cheese whey ^l. Leudeking-Piret kinetic parameters are determined. The result shows that P(3HB) production kinetics may be non-growth associated. Page(s): 68-71

Studies in nitrification of synthetic fertilizer wastewater in an upflow biofilter

2013-10-31T16:42:11Z

Title: Studies in nitrification of synthetic fertilizer wastewater in an upflow biofilter Authors: Chandravathanam, S; Murthy, D V S Abstract: The upflow aerated biofilter was used to investigate the nitrification performance of fertili zer-industry wastewater. A synthetic composition of ammonium nitrogen concentration in the range of 500-2500 mg/L was considered as a representative composition of actual fertilizer wastewater and was studied at a HRT of 24 h (corresponding applied ammonium load range was 0.5-2.5 kg NH₄⁺-N/m³.d). For the influent concentration increase from 500 to 2500 mg/L/NH₄⁺- N, the ammonium removal efficiency variation was observed to be in the range of 81-58 %. The maximum ammonium removal efficiency of 81% was observed for the applied ammonium load of 0.5 kg NH₄⁺-N/m³/d .The relative lower efficiencies were attributed to the probable substrate (ammonium) and/or product (nitrite) inhibition. The experiments were conducted in non-backwash conditions of the biofilter. The results were found to be satisfactory. Page(s): 62-67