NOPR Collection:

Colour removal from textile effluents

2013-12-16T16:36:40Z

Title: Colour removal from textile effluents Authors: Joshi, M; Bansal, R; Purwar, R Abstract: The environmental issues associated with residual colour in textile effluents have posed a major challenge to environmental scientists as well as the textile colouration processors. The requirements to remove colour from textile effluent on site prior to discharge to sewer have been progressively tightened due to increased public complaints about coloured watercourses. Dyes are highly dispersible aesthetic pollutants and are difficult to treat, as most dyes are highly stable molecules made to resist degradation by light, chemical, biological and other treatment or exposure. There has been a lot of research going in the past few decades to develop efficient and cost effective technologies to remove colour from textile effluent. This paper presents a critical review of the current literature available on various textile wastewater decolourisation techniques being applied and researched to remove colour from textile wastewater. Page(s): 239-259

Techno-economic control systems for polyester manufacturing

2013-12-16T16:39:11Z

Title: Techno-economic control systems for polyester manufacturing Authors: Itagi, A A; Shete, Mandar; Asher, Kapil; Kanade, Nitin Abstract: A new approach for process control in polyester manufacturing plants is presented, which is based on the distributed control system and simulation, enabling a high degree of automation. The technology seems to be stable process with operational ease providing protection against misguidance and wastage. Although a high initial investment is called for nonetheless high investments can be recovered in just three years of installing this technologically superior and economically viable control system. Page(s): 233-238

Efficacy of selective surfactants/detergents as washing agents on soiled white and dyed cotton fabrics

2013-12-10T16:37:58Z

Title: Efficacy of selective surfactants/detergents as washing agents on soiled white and dyed cotton fabrics Authors: Samanta, A K; Mitra, Sunanda; Singhee, Deepali; Parekh, Smita Abstract: Four different types of surfactant, namely alkyl benzene sulphonate (A), sodium lauryl sulphate (B), glycerol monostearate (C) and distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (D), have been used in single and multiple washing of a soiled white/dyed cotton fabric to determine their critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and to assess their washing performance in terms of changes in some of the physical properties of fabrics, per cent soil removal from soiled white fabric and maximum retention of colour depth of dyed fabric. The washing performance of each surfactant at lower concentration level by multiple wash cycles has also been studied. Wash fastness rating by grey scale and washing performance in terms of retention of colour depth of reactive dye dyed cotton fabric have been assessed and compared by measuring the corresponding K/S values and colour difference values after washing with these surfactants by ISO-II and ISO-III methods. It is observed that the CMC value and the corresponding degree of soil removal at CMC level are 1.9 % and 90.8 % for surfactant A, 1.5 % and 90.6 % for surfactant B, 2 % and 92 % for surfactant C, and 1% and 39.4 % for surfactant D respectively. On multiple wash, the surfactants C and D do not show good performance at lower concentration (0.5-1%), while the surfactant B is found to be better than others. Considering the changes in physical properties of fabrics after washing, washing performance, critical micelle concentration of surfactants and retention of colour depth after washing, the surfactant B shows an overall balanced performance. Page(s): 223-232

Utilization of chitosan citrate as crease-resistant and antimicrobial finishing agent for cotton fabric

2013-12-10T16:37:11Z

Title: Utilization of chitosan citrate as crease-resistant and antimicrobial finishing agent for cotton fabric Authors: Aly, Aly Sayed; Hashem, Ali; Hussein, Samaha Sayed Abstract: Chitosan citrate has been evaluated as non-formaldehyde durable press finish to produce wrinkle-resistance and antimicrobial properties for cotton fabrics. The carboxylic groups in the chitosan citrate structure were used as active sites for its fixation onto cotton fabrics. The fixation of the chitosan citrate on the cotton fabric was done by the padding of chitosan citrate solution onto cotton fabrics followed by dry-cure process. The factors affecting the fixation processes were systematically studied. The antimicrobial activity and the performance properties of the treated fabric s, including tensile strength, wrinkle recovery, wash fastness and whiteness index, were evaluated. The finished fabric shows adequate wrinkle resistance, sufficient whiteness, high tensile strength and more reduction rate of bacteria as compared to untreated cotton fabric. Page(s): 218-222