NOPR Collection:

Effluent treatment in textile processing: Part I—Bleaching of cotton fabric

2013-12-19T16:36:06Z

Title: Effluent treatment in textile processing: Part I—Bleaching of cotton fabric Authors: Deo, H T; Chinta, S K Abstract: Bleaching of cotton fabric has been carried out by various formulations (Formulations I-VI) with a view to have easily treatable effluent of reduced volume. It is observed that Formulation VI is the most efficient processing sequence wherein the bleaching time is reduced from 18 h in a conventional method to just 5 h, thereby enhancing the product ion three folds. The number of washings is also reduced from 8 to only 3, giving considerable saving in water consumption apart from reducing the effluent load by over 59%. Steam, electricity, and overall savings in Formulation VI are 67%, 72% and 33.8% respectively when compared to those in the conventional bleaching process. The new process is totally eco- friendly as it avoids the use of any of the chlorine-based bleaching agents or chemicals. Page(s): 75-81

Degumming of silk with lipase and protease

2013-12-21T16:36:04Z

Title: Degumming of silk with lipase and protease Authors: Gulrajani, M L; Agarwal, Ritu; Grover, Amrit; Suri, Mona Abstract: A lipase enzyme in combination with a protease enzyme has been used for dewaxing and degumming of silk and the combined effect of dewaxing and degumming on weight loss, wettability, dye uptake, yellowing, microscopic structure, handle and lustre has been studied. It is observed that the combined enzyme treated samples show the same weight loss, cleaner longitudinal surface and better wettability when compared with the Marseilles’ soap treated samples. Page(s): 69-74

Enzymatic treatment as an alternative to carbonization of disperse/reactive dyed polyester-cotton blends

2013-12-23T16:35:39Z

Title: Enzymatic treatment as an alternative to carbonization of disperse/reactive dyed polyester-cotton blends Authors: Deo, H T; Paul, Roshan Abstract: Polyester-cotton fabrics having different blend proportions were dyed with various disperse, reactive and disperse/reactive combination dyes and then treated with cellulase enzyme as an alternative to carbonization. This resulted in the removal of reactive dyed cotton portion of the blends, thereby altering the λ_max towards disperse dye. The trend of the enzymatic action was almost similar for all the blends, irrespective of cotton content. In case of cotton-rich blends, the traces of cotton were found after the normal enzyme treatment. This was revealed on comparing the results with those of carbonized samples. The fabrics were, therefore, given more severe enzymatic treatment to remove the traces of cellulose. It has been found that severe enzymatic treatment can provide all alternative to carbonization and that it is fully eco-friendly process. A controlled dose of enzyme can be used in the correction of shades for disperse/reactive dyed polyester-cotton blends. Page(s): 65-68

Factors affecting the radiation grafting of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate onto cotton, polyester and polyamide fabrics

2013-12-18T16:36:50Z

Title: Factors affecting the radiation grafting of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate onto cotton, polyester and polyamide fabrics Authors: El-Gendy, Eglal H K Abstract: Factors affecting the radiation grafting of diethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DEAEMA) onto cotton, polyester and polyamide fabrics have been studied to obtain optimum conditions that improve the dyeability of Drimalan reactive dye. It is observed that gamma doses of up to 4 Mrad (40 kGy) do not show any noticeable graft yield until benzoyl peroxide catalyst is added. All the fabrics show maximum graft yield at 0.01 % benzoyl peroxide, 10% monomer(DEAEMA) and 1:15 fabric-to-liquor ratio. A dose of 2 Mrad has been used in all the grafting experiments to avoid fabric degradation. Induction period or dose is observed before the start of the grafting process. The induction period is the shortest for cotton (0.2 Mrad corresponding to 0.56 h irradiation) while that for polyamide fabric it is 0.7 Mrad (7 kGy) which corresponds to about 2 h irradiation. The graft yield is considerably higher for the natural cotton fabric than those for the synthetic polyester and polyamide fabrics. The dyeability of the fabrics with Drimalan dye improves considerably as the graft yield increases up to 7% with no further appreciable changes for higher degrees of grafting. The pH of the dyebath affects the dyeability of the fabrics giving an optimum condition at a pH value of 3 for 2% grafted fabrics. Page(s): 59-64