NOPR Collection:

Adelfa (NOME - Nerium Oil Methyl Ester) with DEE as the fuel additive for NOx reduction in DI Diesel engines – An experimental investigation

2016-07-20T06:41:30Z

Title: Adelfa (NOME - Nerium Oil Methyl Ester) with DEE as the fuel additive for NOx reduction in DI Diesel engines – An experimental investigation Authors: Kumar, A R P; Annamalai, K; Premkartikkumar, S R Abstract: Biodiesel would be a futuristic alternative for compression ignition engines because of its environmental benefits and the source being renewable. Jatropha, Pongamia pinnata, Mahua, cotton seed are the oils being tested by the researchers. In this experimental investigation Adelfa biodiesel (Nerium Oil Methyl Ester – NOME) has been used as the test fuel. The most common method of production of biodiesel is by transesterification. In most of the researches, suggested biodiesel blend was 20% by volume with petroleum diesel. Though biodiesel fuel show an appreciable results on performance and few emission parameters, the penalty being the elevated oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) emission. This problem persists in almost all the biodiesel blends. In this experimental research, Di ethyl ether (DEE) has been used as a fuel additive (20% Adelfa by volume with diesel + DEE) focusing on reducing emission and improving efficiency. Comparison between diesel, A20 and A20 + DEE with various proportions has been analyzed. Measured quantities were within the range of prescribed emission standards. Page(s): 627-632

Effect of antioxidants and storage temperatures on browning and quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) pulp

2016-07-20T06:41:29Z

Title: Effect of antioxidants and storage temperatures on browning and quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) pulp Authors: Kumhar, D S; Pareek, S; Ameta, K D Abstract: Experiment consisted of 27 treatment combinations comprising 4 antioxidants (ascorbic acid, citric acid, cysteine and calcium chloride) with 2 concentrations (0.2% and 0.5%) and one control (without antioxidant) and 3 storage temperatures (ambient storage, 5ºC and 0ºC). These treatment combinations were evaluated under factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. The stored pulp was examined for 120 days after storage at 30 days interval for biochemical and browning scores. Total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid, sugars, phenols and colour were affected significantly up to 120 days of storage. The acidity and ascorbic acid decreased with the advancement of storage period whereas TSS, total sugars, and phenols increased. Browning of pulp also increased with the advancement of storage duration. Pulp treated with ascorbic acid 0.5% and stored under freezing temperature of 0ºC proved the most effective treatment for maintaining quality parameters up to 120 days of storage. Page(s): 622-626

A new RP-HPLC method for separation and determination of process related impurities in Pioglitazone Hydrochloride API

2016-07-20T06:41:19Z

Title: A new RP-HPLC method for separation and determination of process related impurities in Pioglitazone Hydrochloride API Authors: Srinivasulu, D; Sastry, B S; Prakash, G O; Archana, D N S S Abstract: The objective of the study was to develop a validated, specific and stability-indicating gradient reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for determination of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride along with its impurities in bulk samples. Drug substance was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis (acid and base), oxidation, photolytic, humidity and thermal degradation as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) to show the stability-indicating power of the method. Significant degradation was observed with alkali and hydrogen peroxide. The impurities were characterized using spectral techniques like IR, ¹H NMR and MS. Successful separation of impurities was achieved on C18 ODS (150x4.6 mm) 3.5 µ column using mobile phase consisting of Solvent A: Ammonium acetate buffer and Acetonitrile in the ratio (57:43 v/v) for 0-7 min and Solvent B: Ammonium acetate buffer and Acetonitrile in the ratio (20:80 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min from 7-20 min followed by Solvent A from 20-21 min. The retention times of impurity A, impurity B, impurity C and Pioglitazone were 3.44, 10.65, 17.95 and 8.32 min respectively. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm with column temperature at 45 ºC. Finally developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. Page(s): 618-621

Foliar nutrient management through Kappaphycus and Gracilaria saps in rice-potato-green gram crop sequence

2016-07-20T06:41:25Z

Title: Foliar nutrient management through Kappaphycus and Gracilaria saps in rice-potato-green gram crop sequence Authors: Pramanick, B; Brahmachari, K; Ghosh, A; Zodape, S T Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 on sandy loam soil at Uttar Chandamari village of Nadia district of West Bengal (22° 57' N latitude, 88° 20' E longitude) to study the effects of seaweed saps on crop growth and yield vis-à-vis nutrient uptake by the crops under rice-potato-greengram sequence. The foliar application of seaweed extracts (namely Kappaphycus and Gracilaria) at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0% v/v) significantly enhanced the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by the crops in sequence. The application of 15% Kappaphycus sap along with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded the highest productivity in terms of rice equivalent yield (REY) with net monetary returns of Rs. 175608.60 ha^-1 yr^-1 and benefit: cost ratio of 2.06. Page(s): 613-617