NOPR Collection:

Design considerations and performance evaluation of EHVtransmission lines in India

2016-07-20T06:27:46Z

Title: Design considerations and performance evaluation of EHVtransmission lines in India Authors: Kishore, T S; Singal, S K Abstract: Increasing energy demand worldwide needs the development and strengthening of high voltage and high power intensity power transmission lines for meeting the energy requirements. Extra and ultra high voltage transmission lines have been developed and being operated successfully in the developed nations. Recent trends in Indian transmission scenario are progressing towards establishing extra and ultra high voltage lines to strengthen its transmission infrastructure. In the present study, an attempt has been made to discuss broad design aspects of extra high voltage lines. Performance analysis for evaluation of the benefits and costs resulting from these lines in power transmission has also been presented. Page(s): 117-122

Noise mapping as a tool for urban planning

2016-07-20T06:27:04Z

Title: Noise mapping as a tool for urban planning Authors: Fiedler, P E K; Zannin, P H T Abstract: This paper discusses the findings of an earlier analysis of environmental noise pollution in the north section of the Green Line in the city of Curitiba, involving information about the objective aspects of the measured equivalent continuous sound pressure levels generated by vehicle traffic on this main thoroughfare. An assessment is also made of the environmental impact the avenue produces in a noise sensitive area. Only the main factors that determine road traffic noise, i.e., heavy vehicle flow, road conditions, and average speed of vehicle traffic, were considered in the noise maps developed here. The noise levels recorded on this road exceed the levels recommended by current legislation. This study demonstrates that taking only one control measure does not suffice to counteract noise efficiently. Instead, a plan involving various measures taken jointly is needed to effectively mitigate the problem. Page(s): 114-116

Microbial detergent compatible lipases

2016-07-20T06:26:28Z

Title: Microbial detergent compatible lipases Authors: Niyonzima, F N; More, S S Abstract: Most of the companies are not currently manufacturing the detergents alone; they are producing enzyme-based detergents. More than 50% of the detergents produced in the developed countries presently contain enzymes to improve the detergency by removing tough stains. The role of a detergent lipase is to digest the lipidic molecules from the soiled substrates. Most of the chemical detergent ingredients are hazardous to human beings and cause pollution to the environment. The use of alkaline lipase in detergent formulations can reduce or substitute the use of these harmful ingredients in higher amounts. The detergent lipases active at ambient temperature are now preferred as the quality of the cleaned fabric is maintained and energy saved. Review papers on the production, purification, characterization and application of lipases in various industries are available, but no specific review on the microbial alkaline lipases or detergent compatible lipases. In the present review, screening, production and properties of detergent compatible lipases are reported with emphasis on the stability and compatibility of alkaline lipases in detergent and detergent constituents and the methods for examination of oil stain removal. Page(s): 105-113

Mobility assistance for patients with Quadriplegia

2016-07-20T06:25:46Z

Title: Mobility assistance for patients with Quadriplegia Authors: Veerubhotla, A; Kumar, S; Bachhal, S; Kumar, A Abstract: Immobility often causes psychological and social effects on the person. Since immobility cannot be cured even by using drugs in most cases, it is essential that such people be given a means of mobility which does not let their immobility hinder their day to day life. This paper describes a very feasible mobility solution for the physically impaired people especially those who are suffering from spinal cord injury in the higher levels of C1-C7. Independent Electromyogram( EMG) signals obtained from the neck muscles of the patient using active EMG electrodes have been used to control the direction of movement of the wheelchair . The direction and degree of movement of the neck governs the speed and motion of the motor powered wheelchair. Ultrasonic sensors placed on the wheelchair have been used for obstacle avoidance. Experimental results have shown that the designed solution is very feasible, cost effective and requires very less training of the user. Page(s): 102-104