NOPR Collection:

Bioremediation of Azo Dye Containing Textile Effluent using Adapted Bacterial Strains under Subsequent Microaerophilic -Aerobic Conditions

2016-07-20T06:24:25Z

Title: Bioremediation of Azo Dye Containing Textile Effluent using Adapted Bacterial Strains under Subsequent Microaerophilic -Aerobic Conditions Authors: Rajendran, R; Sundaram, S K; Prabhavathi, P; Sridevi, B V; Kumar, S D; Santhanam, P Abstract: Textile effluents are causing a wholesome of trouble in our vicinity, which needs to be taken good care of before being discharged in to the natural surroundings. In our present study, we have isolated about 5 different bacterial strains from azo dye containing textile effluent sample. The bacterial strains were allowed to act on the textile effluent under subsequent microaerophilic and aerobic conditions. In the treatment under microaerophilic condition the bacterial strains were allowed to form a biofilm on inert polyurethane foam as individual cultures and as a consortium, in a glass column. The effluent sample was passed through the column in a particular hydraulic retention time (8ml/hr). The samples were collected at the base after treatment in a conical flask, incubated in a metabolic shaker at 120 rpm for a period of 8 hours for aerobic remediation. The consortium was able to elicit an efficient remediation potential than the individual strains at an optimal retention time of 12 hours with 8 hours of aerobic agitation at a pH of 7 and at an optimal organic loading rate of 100% of the effluent load. Analyzing the effluent treated through GC/MS, which found that the toxic end products formed at the end of microaerophilic treatment was removed through the aerobic treatment modality, and the effluent was found to be devoid of any toxicity after clarification and disinfection processes. Page(s): 124-130

Preparation of Phosphate Mine Tailings and Low Grade Rock Phosphate enriched bio-fertilizer

2016-07-20T06:23:26Z

Title: Preparation of Phosphate Mine Tailings and Low Grade Rock Phosphate enriched bio-fertilizer Authors: Babel, S; Chauhan, R S; Ali, N; Yadav, V Abstract: Phosphate tailings pose significant risk to the environment as point sources of basic, carbonate-rich effluents. This waste may be judiciously used for the biofertilizer preparation. The enrichment of compost by adding low grade rock phosphate also offers a potential preposition for the effective utilization of insoluble P. Experimentally, the compostable material (Biogas spent slurry) is mixed well with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% of rock phosphate & tailings were added on wet weight basis. A phosphate solubilizing bacteria Pseudomonas putida and a sulphur oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were used for inoculation. The treatments were set up as to compare between inoculated and uninoculated treatments. The compost mixtures were incubated for 60 days. The various parameters like pH, EC, volatile solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash were determined during the complete span of composting. Out of all inoculated and uninoculated treatments, treatment with 5% rock phosphate and 5% tailings was found best. The effect of inoculated species in the system was not found very significant due to higher activity of the native bacteria. This scheme will certainly help in reducing the wastage of these resources, mitigation of pollution and will generate additional revenue to the company producing this waste. Page(s): 120-123

Comparative Evaluation of Chemicals and Botanicals based Dehydration of Biogas Slurry

2016-07-20T06:20:52Z

Title: Comparative Evaluation of Chemicals and Botanicals based Dehydration of Biogas Slurry Authors: Sharma, S; Arora, K; Sharma, A Abstract: Spent slurry from cattle dung based biogas plant was characterized and dehydrated by coagulation methods. Various chemical and botanical coagulants were tested at their different concentration levels. Alum at 3.6 % (w/v) produced maximum dehydration (40 %) and its dose was further reduced to 2% (w/v) by adding polyelectrolyte dimethylamine ultimately causing 44 % dehydration of fresh biogas slurry. Regarding botanicals, Moringa seed powder showed 30 % dehydration, better results than cactus mucilage (with only 5 % water removal). In case of Moringa, although the water separation was less than alum, the quality of separated water (in terms of EC, pH, N, P, K, TOC) was found better. The Zeta potential values of water separated out by Moringa seed powder and alum were found to be -18.1and -17.3 mV respectively. Our results suggest that although the dehydration capacity of alum was superior than botanicals tested but quality of water removed was better in case of Moringa. Page(s): 115-119

Optimization of Process Variables for Extrusion of Rice – Bengal Gram Blends

2016-07-20T06:16:01Z

Title: Optimization of Process Variables for Extrusion of Rice – Bengal Gram Blends Authors: Nithya, D J; Bosco, K A S; Saravanan, M; Mohan, R J; Alagusundaram, K Abstract: Extrusion-cooking is advantageous for vulnerable foods and offers a chance to use raw materials which have not previously displayed great economic importance or have even been regarded as waste. Rice and pulse milling by-products due to the low price and easy conversion to processed products result in increasing demand for conversion of these by-products into useful products. It delivers good profit for the processors and in turn providing the consumer a healthy pulse based product to choose from, which is now lacking in the market. This study focuses on optimizing the process variables and to study the extrudate characteristics from blends of bengal gram and rice using single screw extruder. Central composite rotatable design was used to design the experiment with the die head temperature (150-190°C), screw speed (80-100 rpm) and bengal gram level (5-25%) as independent variables. The effect of the variables on the product responses (bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index, expansion ratio, colour) was carried out. The changes in die head temperature and bengal gram composition were found to have significant effect to the product responses while compared to change in screw speed which is found to have a lesser significant effect to the product response. Page(s): 108-114