NOPR Collection:

Oxidation of Phenol from Synthetic Wastewater by a Novel Advance Oxidation Process: Microwave-Assisted Periodate

2016-07-20T06:10:28Z

Title: Oxidation of Phenol from Synthetic Wastewater by a Novel Advance Oxidation Process: Microwave-Assisted Periodate Authors: Mohammadi, A M Seid; Asgari, G; Poormohammadi, A; Ahmadian, M Abstract: In this study, microwave (MW) was used to activate periodate as a novel advance oxidation process. The effects of a combined process of sodium Periodate and MW was studied in phenol removal from synthetic wastewater. Experiments were performed in a batch process, and the effect of parameters including pH, contact time, initial phenol concentration, MW radiation and Periodate concentration were examined. The maximum phenol removal equal to 98.8% was obtained at pH = 11, initial phenol concentration =100 mg/L, contact time=30 min, MW = 600 W and Periodate concentration = 0.2 mol/L. The maximum phenol removal was only 11.5 % at the same conditions but without the influence of MW radiation. The results revealed that as Periodate concentration, MW radiation and contact time increased, the phenol removal efficiency increased as well. Furthermore, when the phenol concentration increased, phenol removal efficiency decreased. It was also observed that MWs activated Periodate and significantly increased process efficiency. Therefore, the combined process of MW-Periodate can be used as a novel advanced oxidation process to remove contaminants from the aquatic environment. Page(s): 267-272

Effect of Injection Timing on Heat Release Rate and Emissions in a Biodiesel Fuelled & Nano Powder Coated CI Engine

2016-07-20T06:06:26Z

Title: Effect of Injection Timing on Heat Release Rate and Emissions in a Biodiesel Fuelled & Nano Powder Coated CI Engine Authors: Nithiyananadam, T; Senthilkumar, P; Selvakumar, R Abstract: The injection timing variation has a robust effect on emission formation in direct combustion diesel engine with thermal barrier coating. The piston head and cylinder were coated with Zirconium at 40 micron thickness. Low Heat Rejection (LHR) engine has high heat with standing capacity inside the combustion chamber, so the in-cylinder temperature is very high in part load and full load condition, which leads to increase the NO_Xemission. In the present investigation neat Jatropha oil methyl ester (JME) as well as the blends of varying proportions of Jatropha methyl ester and diesel were used to run a LHR-CI engine with standard injection timing and retarded injection timing. Significant improvements in engine performance and emission characteristics were observed for JME fuel. The addition of JME to diesel fuel has significantly reduced HC, CO emissions but it increases the NO_X emission slightly with standard injection timing. The NO_X emission was decreased with retarded injection timing with negligible effect on fuel consumption rate. Similar trend in brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature were observed with retarded injection timing, while maximum cylinder gas pressure and ignition delay were decreased. Page(s): 262-266

Enhanced Removal of Sulfur from Diesel Fuel using Non-Hydrodesulfurization Technique coupled with Ultrasound Technique

2016-07-20T06:09:29Z

Title: Enhanced Removal of Sulfur from Diesel Fuel using Non-Hydrodesulfurization Technique coupled with Ultrasound Technique Authors: Abdullah, M A; Sekar, T Abstract: Sulfur compounds are one of the most important impurities present in various petroleum fractions that cause serious devastating to earth’s environment. Predictions and scenarios developed by scientists for the removal of sulfur in diesel fuel indicate that situation is volatile. Integrating of Non-Hydrodesulfurization Process with Hydrodesulfurization process can bring benefits to produce ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels. Using the hydrotreated Tatipaka diesel fuel as a feedstock, oxidation process during Non-Hydrodesulfurization process has been studied using Persulfate reagent with ultrasound for effective removal of sulfur. This technique without extraction and adsorption has resulted in 75.6% removal of sulfur. It shows a good synergic effect when extraction and adsorption is integrated with oxidative desulfurization using Persulfate reagent with ultrasound. Under the best operating conditions of temperature around 65^oC and at atmospheric pressure, the sulfur content present in the diesel fuel has been decreased from 766.73 µg/g to 8.29 µg/g which is equivalent to 99.72% removal of sulfur. The diesel fuel obtained from this process has a cetane number of 55 which is 1.05 times better than current Bharat IV Norms. Page(s): 258-261

Antibacterial Property of Halobacterial Carotenoids against Human Bacterial Pathogens

2016-07-20T06:07:22Z

Title: Antibacterial Property of Halobacterial Carotenoids against Human Bacterial Pathogens Authors: Ravikumar, S; Uma, G; Gokulakrishnan, R Abstract: The present study was aimed to find out the antibacterial potential of caroteniods from halobacteria isolated from saltpan sediments against antibiotic resistant pathogens (Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus epidermis) and ophthalmic pathogens (E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogens, Proteus sp. and Acinitobacter sp). Different concentrations of the carotenoids were analyzed by MIC and MBC techniques. The isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the relationship between the isolates was identified by phylogenetic tree analysis. Among the isolates, KT-02 showed maximum (14±0.65 mm dia.) sensitivity against Klebsiella sp. followed by 13±0.65 mm dia. against E.coli. The MIC and MBC values varied between 128-512 µg.ml^-1. The potential isolate KT-02 showed maximum similarity (>95%) with Halomonas sp. (EU 435355) and the 16s rRNA secondary structure showed 15 loops and 23 turns and the free energy value was identified as -121.2 kkal/mol. Page(s): 253-257