NOPR Collection:

Bioethanol Production from Agro Wastes by Acid Hydrolysis and Fermentation Process

2016-07-20T06:12:28Z

Title: Bioethanol Production from Agro Wastes by Acid Hydrolysis and Fermentation Process Authors: Mushimiyimana, I; Tallapragada, P Abstract: Agro wastes such as carrot peel, onion peel, potato peel and sugar beet peel are products subjected to saccharification process by Penicillium sp. for the hydrolysis, this process was followed by the fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of alcohol which was fermented at 14, 21, 28 days to produce alcohol. The aim of the study was to determine alcohol content of fermented agro wastes based on different fermentation time. The fermented product was purified by primary distillation process at 78⁰C and the fraction was collected. The ethanol was determined by dichromate method. High yield of ethanol was obtained from sugar beet peel 14.52% on 28^th day and further confirmed by Gas chromatography and the yield of ethanol obtained on 28^th day was 17.3%. Page(s): 383-388

Experimental Study on Micro Surfacing using Chrome Shaving Impregnated with Modified Bitumen Emulsion

2016-07-20T06:11:10Z

Title: Experimental Study on Micro Surfacing using Chrome Shaving Impregnated with Modified Bitumen Emulsion Authors: Kamaraj, C; Lakshmi, S; Rose, C; Mani, U; Paul, E; Mandal, A B; Gangopadhyay, S Abstract: It has been stated that about 600,000 tones of solid waste is being generated worldwide by the leather industry in which 40–50% of the hides are lost due to shavings and trimmings. Basic Trivalent Chromium (Cr (III)) sulfate is widely used as tannage material. Only 60–80% of the total Chromium (Cr) reacts with the hides and about 20–40% of the total Cr remains un-reacted in the liquor. Chrome shavings (CS) are the scrap generated during leveling of tanned skins, and mainly consisting of collagen cross linked with Cr (III). As of now, there are insufficient report and researches on the use of leather industry waste in bituminous mixes. This study focuses on the use of CS as filler in micro surfacing for pavement preservation, to overcome the burden of CS disposal. Micro surfacing is a mixture of dense – graded aggregate, polymer modified bitumen emulsion, mineral filler, and water. Therefore, in this study an experimental micro surfacing layer was laid on the heavy traffic road namely Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, having more than 1500 CVPD (Type III). Another experimental section was laid on a light traffic road with less than 1500 CVPD (Type II) in the premises of Anna University, Chennai. Page(s): 378-382

Optimization of Production Conditions and Partial Characterization of Extracellular Amylase from Bacillus Subtilis under Submerged Condition

2016-07-20T05:52:35Z

Title: Optimization of Production Conditions and Partial Characterization of Extracellular Amylase from Bacillus Subtilis under Submerged Condition Authors: Punia, P; Kaushik, S; Jyoti, A Abstract: α-amylases are one of the most important enzymes used in industries. Bacterial amylases have potential application in food, fermentation, textiles and paper industries. Considering these facts the present study was designed to isolate and screen amylase producing bacteria from soil followed by optimizing physiological conditions for enhanced bacterial growth and amylase production. Garden soil was collected and grown on starch plates and the zone of starch hydrolysis was noted. Among 10 isolates, SS4 isolate showing maximum amylase activity was characterized microscopically and biochemically. Based on these results SS4 isolate was confirmed as Bacillus subtilis. Effect of various factors such as pH (4-10), temperature (20-45°C), incubation period (24-48 hours) and starch concentration (0.2-1.2%) on growth and amylase production was studied. B. subtilis showed maximum growth after 48 hours of incubation, at pH 8 and temperature 37°C in 1% starch containing liquid media. The optimum temperature for amylase production was found to be 37°C. B. subtillis showed maximum amylase activity (1.2±0.09 U/mg protein) when cultured at pH 8.0. Amylase production occurred in 0.2-1.2% of starch containing media with a maximum at 1% (1.32+0.09 U/mg protein) after 48 hours of incubation. Amylase was purified and 48 kDa protein was found in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Page(s): 371-377

Mechanical Properties of Glass Microsphere/Epoxy Foams Modified by Carbon Nanotubes and Nanosilica

2016-07-20T06:10:33Z

Title: Mechanical Properties of Glass Microsphere/Epoxy Foams Modified by Carbon Nanotubes and Nanosilica Authors: Drdlová, M; Frank, M Abstract: Highly effective blast-absorbing materials are demanded by the industry, as they can improve blast resistance of structures. There are two ways of improving the blast resistance of a structure – either to enhance the performance of the structural materials, or to use sacrificial cladding structures with the core made of the highly blast-absorbing material. Presented study deals with the influence of nanoparticle addition on physico-mechanical properties of a foam composite designed for blast energy absorbing applications. Specific porous lightweight foam with high volume fraction of microspheres was prepared and modified by 1 to 5 vol. parts of multi-wall carbon nanotubes or nanosilica. Two types of microspheres with different wall thickness and strength were used. Nanoparticles dispersion quality was evaluated in relation to the mixing procedure using scanning electron microscope observation. Compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted at quasi-static load. The mixtures containing nanosilica exhibited an increasing trend in both flexural and compressive strength with increasing nanoparticle content up to 4 vol. parts. The addition of carbon nanotubes also increased flexural strength (again up to 4 vol. parts, crossing this concentration, a significant drop was observed), whereas the compressive strength was less affected. Nanoparticle modification was more effective in the foams with microspheres with higher thickness and thus strength. The test results showed that the properties of glass/epoxy foams can be tailored by adding nanoscale fillers. Page(s): 365-370