NOPR Collection: Pages 591-660

Isolation, characterization and evaluation of the biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas protegens RS-9 against Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato

2017-09-04T10:28:44Z

Title: Isolation, characterization and evaluation of the biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas protegens RS-9 against Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato Authors: Rai, Rhitu; Srinivasamurthy, R; Dash, Prasanta K; Gupta, Payal Abstract: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a common vegetable crop with worldwide consumption of its edible fruit. Bacterial wilt in tomato causes substantial yield loss. Biological control using microbial agents such as rhizobacteria has gained considerable attention over the last decade. In this study, we isolated a bacterial strain, RS-9 from the rhizosphere of a healthy tomato plant in a bacterial wilt diseased field that strongly inhibited the growth of bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Further, we characterized the antagonistic bacterium RS-9 and tried to understand the mechanism behind. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on similarity percentage identified RS-9 as Pseudomonas protegens. This strain showed potential inhibition of different phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and could produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), pyrrolnitrin and pyoluteorin. To identify the key bioactive compound in RS-9, an antagonism defective mutant was generated by transposon mutagenesis. The HPLC analysis of mutant and parent strains identified 2,4-DAPG as the main compound responsible for suppression of R. solanacearum. Evaluation of RS-9 in greenhouse studies revealed inoculation of field soil in pots with RS-9 led to significant increase in plant height and dry weight of tomato plant and the incidence of bacterial wilt reduced by 65.6%. The bacterial strain RS-9 outcompeted the pathogen by reducing its population by 63% in soil as compared to the ‘pathogen only control’ as well as with the antagonism defective mutant, while maintaining its own population at high density. In conclusion, this study revealed Psuedomonas protegens RS-9 to be a promising strain for biocontrol of bacterial wilt of tomato. Page(s): 595-603

Characterization of organic acids, sugars, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Nagpur

2017-09-04T10:06:05Z

Title: Characterization of organic acids, sugars, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Nagpur Authors: Nile, Shivraj Hariram; Baskar, Venkidasamy; Keum, Young Soo Abstract: The citrus fruits, commonly found in many regions of the world with a considerable number of species, have numerous beneficial effects, particularly for human health. The citrus organic acids and sugars play pivotal role in flavour and consumer acceptance of citrus fruit beverages. Here, some nutritive parameters related to the fruit Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Nagpur (locally called santara) quality including sugars, organic acids, soluble solids, total acidity, and the content of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and flavonoids were determined. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have been checked using in vitro assays. Four organic acids (citric, ascorbic, malic, and oxalic acids) and three sugars including glucose, sucrose, and fructose were determined. Citric acid was found as major organic acid whereas sucrose as major sugar in extracted orange juice and wine from this citrus fruit wine and juice. The HPLC quantification and analysis showed total 15 phenolic and flavonoid compounds including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavanones in studied citrus juice and wine. The major phenolics and flavonoids found were ferulic acid, hesperidin, narirutin, and naringin in santara juice and wine. The santara juice showed significant antioxidant activity towards DPPH, FRAP, and H₂O₂ assays (IC₅₀±SEM [μg/mL]: 85.6±1.6, 60.2±1.6, and 35.5±1.1, respectively) and also exhibited greater inhibition towards lipoxidase (92.2%), β-glucuronidase (65.3%), hyaluronidase (48.1%), and diene-conjugates (40.6%) for anti-inflammation compared to orange wine. The high fruit quality of the studied citrus species indicates the importance of this fruit in human nutrition with prominent biological effects. Page(s): 604-610

Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Roylea cinerea extracts: a comparative study

2017-09-04T09:59:26Z

Title: Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Roylea cinerea extracts: a comparative study Authors: Sharma, Reena; Yadav, Deepak; Asif, Mohd.; Jayasri, MA; Agnihotri, Vijai K; Ravikumar, PC Abstract: Roylea cinerea (D.Don) Baill. (Fam. Lamiaceae), commonly known as Ashy Royleais, and locally, kattu is widespread in the Himalaya from Kashmir to Nepal, and known for its antidiabetic activity. In this study, we evaluated the crude ethanolic extract and its sub-extracts obtained from the aerial part of R. Cinerea for antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by different chemical-based assays, viz. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The total phenolic content in R. cinerea extracts varied widely 3.87-95.3 mg GAEs/g of dry plant extract. Reduction in the blood glucose level was observed in albino male wistar rats after treatment for 15 days and the treatment with ethyl acetate extract showed highest reduction (41.13%) in blood glucose level. Serum lipid profile, hepatic glycogen content, SOD, GPx, GSH and TBARS of pancreatic tissue were also examined. The plant extract treatment increased the levels of SOD, GSH and GPx in the tissues and reduced the level of TBARS as compared to the control group. Histopathological studies showed that the treatment with plant extracts normalized the histology of pancreas and liver. These findings suggest that Roylea cinerea extracts has potent antidiabetic and antioxidant properties and thereby substantiate its use in traditional medicines. Page(s): 611-621

Pharmacognostical evaluation of Indian folk-traditional plants Coelogyne cristata and Pholidota articulata used for healing fractures

2017-09-04T09:52:20Z

Title: Pharmacognostical evaluation of Indian folk-traditional plants Coelogyne cristata and Pholidota articulata used for healing fractures Authors: Sharma, Chetan; Irshad, Saba; Khatoon, Sayyada; Arya, KR Abstract: Coelogyne cristata Lindley (CC) and Pholidota articulata Lindley (PA) (Fam. Orchidaceae), locally known as 'hadjojen' (bone jointer) are the most effective traditional remedies for healing fractures in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. Recent pharmacological investigations of crude extracts and isolated compounds from these plant species revealed rapid fracture healing properties and osteogenic potential. This paper provides macro and microscopic characteristic features, physicochemical properties and HPTLC profiles of both the species. Microscopic studies of leaf, pseudobulb and powdered materials showed collateral vascular bundles containing large number of mucilage cells, parenchymatous cells with pitted banded lignified or beaded with mesh-like network, septate and aseptate fibres, rhomboidal crystals of calcium oxalate and pitted parenchyma. Comparative HPTLC profile showed blue and pink florescent band at different Rf values with the distinct characteristic bands at Rf 0.31, 0.47 and 0.62 corresponding to the analytical marker compounds: ursolic acid, -sitosterol and lupeol respectively in both CC and PA. Findings of this study can be used a standardized pharmacognostical markers of CC and PA for identification and authentication of their genuine herbal drug formulations as quality control markers. Page(s): 622-627