NOPR Collection: [Pages 01-74]

Lactate dehydrogenase in fish spermatozoa and its role in sperm cell bioenergetics

2020-01-03T04:54:32Z

Title: Lactate dehydrogenase in fish spermatozoa and its role in sperm cell bioenergetics Authors: Gronczewska, Jadwiga; Skorkowski, Edward Florian Abstract: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in spermatozoa of three fish species was studied to determine its role in sperm cell bioenergetics in normal and polluted conditions. The adenylate energy charge (AEC) has been used as the measure of energy storage for adenine nucleotide pool of living cells and tributyltin (TBT) as a model toxicant. It was demonstrated that carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 spermatozoa exhibit higher LDH activity than catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and herring Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758 spermatozoa. Native electrophoretic pattern of LDH from spermatozoa compared to somatic tissues extract shows nine LDH isoenzymes in carp spermatozoa, two LDH isoenzymes in herring and one LDH isoenzyme in catfish spermatozoa. It was confirmed that lactate plus pyruvate, which are the substrates for LDH seems to maintain AEC value. It indicates ATP synthesis in tricarboxylic acid cycle prevails upon the ATP utilization in catfish spermatozoa. It was noticed that LDH-B₄ is more strongly inhibited by TBT in herring than the nine LDH isoenzymes in carp spermatozoa which confirms that herring spermatozoa may be more sensitive for pollution by decreasing their energetic state. LDH role in maintaining physiological bioenergetic state of spermatozoa is also discussed. Page(s): 7-13

Neurotoxicity of fluoride in ethanol fed rats: Role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotransmitters

2020-01-03T04:52:55Z

Title: Neurotoxicity of fluoride in ethanol fed rats: Role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotransmitters Authors: Chauhan, Shailender Singh; Ojha, Sudarshan; Mahmood, Akhtar Abstract: Prolonged exposure to fluoride or alcohol affects brain. However, the understanding about their interactions and neurotoxicity following co-exposures is still poor. The present study was designed to assess oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, acetylchonlineterase (AChE) activity, neurotransmitter levels and morphological alterations in brain of fluoride or/and ethanol fed rats. Six and eighteen month old animals received sodium fluoride (NaF, 25 mg/kg) and 30% ethanol (EtOH, 1 mL/kg) individually and in combination for 90 days. Brain showed elevation in oxidative stress with age and NaF/EtOH treatment. There was increased lipid peroxidation; decreased glutathione, total and protein thiol content; along with declined activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase under these conditions. Mitochondrial functions were impaired significantly with age and NaF/EtOH treatment. The activities of NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase along with mitochondrial respiration rate were decreased whereas the levels of nitric oxide and citrulline were increased in treated animals. Administration of NaF/EtOH showed altered neurotransmitter levels and increased AChE activity in brain. The levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were decreased while 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid were increased significantly. Histological examination showed morphological alterations in treated animals compared to controls. Interestingly, the observed effects were more pronounced in rats co-exposed to NaF and EtOH. It is concluded that neurotoxic effects of fluoride are age dependent and further amplified by alcohol co-administration. These effects are mediated through elevated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions and impaired neurotransmitter functions. Page(s): 14-22

Hepatorenal protective action of Spirulina platensis against beryllium induced hepatorenal dysfunction and histopathological alterations in rats

2020-01-03T04:51:06Z

Title: Hepatorenal protective action of Spirulina platensis against beryllium induced hepatorenal dysfunction and histopathological alterations in rats Authors: Raghuvanshi, Suchita; Agrawal, Narottam Das; Rawat, Purneema; Srivastava, Sadhana; Shukla, Sangeeta Abstract: Beryllium (Be) is highly toxic to human, induces oxidative stress and leads to Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD) or berylliosis, apoptosis and cancer. In this study, we have investigated the antioxidative and hepatorenal protective potential of Spirulina platensis (SP) against beryllium (Be) induced alterations in hepatorenal biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in rats. Different doses of SP (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered (once a day daily for 7 days) against Be(NO₃)₂ (1 mg/kg, i.p. once a day daily, for 28 days) induced toxic menifestations in female Wistar rats. Be decreased GSH, SOD, CAT, G-6-Pase, ALP and ATPase activities and increased TBARS and ACP activity in liver and kidney. Be enhanced ALT, AST, bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, total cholesterol and decreased haemoglobin, total protein, sugar in blood. Be deposited in vital organs of rats and altered the histoarchitecture of liver and kidney. Different doses of SP showed dose dependent recovery. SP @400 mg/kg showed significant recovery against Be induced oxidative stress, maintained hepatorenal function towards normal and reduced beryllium body burden. Results of the study. well supported by histopathological observations, conclude that SP possesses hepatorenal protective potential against Be induced toxicity in rats. Page(s): 23-32

Synergetic effect of aged garlic extract and methotrexate on rheumatoid arthritis induced by collagen in male albino rats

2020-01-03T04:48:04Z

Title: Synergetic effect of aged garlic extract and methotrexate on rheumatoid arthritis induced by collagen in male albino rats Authors: Badr, Gehan M; Arafa, Nadia S Abstract: Aged garlic extract (AGE) exhibit anti-inflammatory effect in many diseases, and methotrexate (MTX) as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment drug shows adverse hepatotoxicity effect. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of AGE treatment alone or with MTX in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats to diminish the hepatotoxicity. The study used eight groups of rats as one control non treated group and seven treated groups with CIA, AGE (200 mg/kg/PO), MTX (1.5 mg/kg/2 days/subcutaneous), CIA-AGE, CIA-MTX, AGE-MTX and CIA-MTX-AGE. All treatments started from day 21 after the symptoms of arthritis appeared to day 50. The CIA-AGE and CIA-MTX-AGE groups showed significantly decreased serum liver function markers ASAT, ALAT and ALP enzymes activities. In line with the significantly increased antioxidants, total glutathione and SOD and CAT enzymes activities and decreased MDA levels as compared to CIA and CIA-MTX treated groups' values. In addition, the CIA-AGE and CIA-MTX-AGE groups recorded significant decrease in the measured cytokines (CRP and TNF) and interleukins (IL-17, IL-6, and IL-1) values as compared to the corresponding values in CIA and CIA-MTX groups. Results suggested the safety of AGE for achieving a better control in treatment of RA with the conventional drug MTX to diminish its hepatotoxicity. Page(s): 33-38