NOPR Collection: [Pages 293-370]

Induction of antioxidant mechanisms in lung during experimental pancreatitis in rats

2020-05-01T21:30:01Z

Title: Induction of antioxidant mechanisms in lung during experimental pancreatitis in rats Authors: Rechreche, Hocine; Abbes, Arbia Abbes; Iovanna, Juan Lucio Abstract: Lung complications are the most common cause of death in patients with acute pancreatitis. In this study, we investigated how induction of mild acute pancreatitis could modify the course of lung inflammation, eventually, induced by a severe acute pancreatitis in rats. A severe and a mild forms of an experimental acute pancreatitis were respectively established by intra-ductal administration of sodium taurocholate to final dose of 50 g/kg body wt. and intra-peritoneal injection of caerulein to supramaximal dose of 40 g/kg body wt. We observed reduced levels of thiobarbiturate acid reacting substances when severe pancreatitis was preceded by the induction of mild pancreatitis. Moreover, mRNAs expression of both HSP-70 and Mn-SOD was increased in the lung. By contrast, the level of glutathione was reduced, but no change in the infiltration of neutrophils was observed. Therefore, we conclude that during the course of pancreatitis and its related lung inflammation, the pulmonary cells response involved in the expression of different protective proteins, including HSP-70 and Mn-SOD, which possibly improves the defensive mechanisms against inflammation in lung cells. Page(s): 297-305

Assessment of in vitro biological activities of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. bark extract and Arjunarishta in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

2020-05-02T07:12:15Z

Title: Assessment of in vitro biological activities of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. bark extract and Arjunarishta in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer Authors: Cota, Damita L; Mishra, Sanjay; Shengule, Sushant A; Patil, Dhanashree Abstract: Alternative or complementary therapies for several inflammatory disorders have gained considerable acceptability and popularity in recent years. The Arjuna tree, Terminalia arjuna Roxb. (Combretaceae) holds antidiarrheal and antioxidant potential useful in management of inflammatory gastro intestinal ailments. Here, we evaluated the possible effect of T. arjuna hydroalcoholic extract (TAHA) and traditional Ayurvedic formulation Arjunarishta (AA) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. The phytochemical profile of test materials was confirmed via investigation of total phenolic and flavanoid content and standardized by HPLC-PDA method. In vitro antioxidant activity was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Antimicrobial potential was tested against clinical isolates of IBD patients (HM95, HM233, HM251, HM615). Cytotoxicity was determined against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco2, COLO.205), whereas, cytocompatibility against normal rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) and mouse fibroblast cells (L929). Additionally, in vitro oxidative cell damage stress was estimated by lipid peroxidation biomarker. TAHA displayed higher antioxidant capacity as compared to AA formulation. Different sensitivities were observed against different study cell lines in dose dependant manner. Similarly, significant (P <0.05) enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in test materials and 5-FU treated colorectal adenocarcinoma cells was detected as compared to control cells. TAHA and AA exhibited antimicrobial activity against IBD associated clinical isolates. These findings provide biological evidence for therapeutic application of TAHA and AA in IBD and colorectal cancer treatment. Page(s): 306-313

meta-Topolin and β-cyclodextrin enhance multiple shoot and root production in black gram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

2020-05-02T07:12:48Z

Title: meta-Topolin and β-cyclodextrin enhance multiple shoot and root production in black gram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Authors: Kapildev, Gnanajothi; Chinnathambi, Arunachalam; Sivanandhan, Ganeshan; Rajesh, Manoharan; Jeyaraj, Murugaraj; Selvaraj, Natesan; Alharbi, Sulaiman Ali; Ganapathi, Andy Abstract: The recalcitrant nature of black gram is the major constraint of in vitro regeneration and agrobacterium- mediated genetic transformation, to overcome this, a productive shoot regeneration protocol has been achieved in black gram cultivar T9 using 7-day old cotyledonary node explants excised from in vitro- raised black gram seedlings using meta-topolin. An aromatic cytokinin, meta-topolin along with BA (1.5+0.5 mg/L) in 0.50 strength MS medium with 1.5% (w/v) sucrose exhibited a maximum number of multiple shoots (32.0±0.37 shoots/explant) at the end of 6 weeks of culture. The shoots were elongated in (6.40±0.50 cm/shoot) in MS medium supplemented with GA3 (2.0 mg/L). A maximum number of roots (9.60±0.50/shoot) and root length (11.20±0.73 cm/shoot) were obtained in combination with β-cyclodextrin (a cyclic oligosaccharide; 1.5 mg/L) and IBA (1.5 mg/L). The rooted plantlets were hardened and acclimatized with least mortality rate of 2% in pot mixture consisting red soil:sand:farm yard manure (FYM) (2:1:1) and grown in green house with 85% relative humidity. Ploidy levels were analyzed using flow cytometry which confessed the chromosomal stability in invitro raised plants similar to parent plants. This protocol may be useful for producing transgenic black gram with desirable agro-traits in Indian cultivars. Page(s): 314-322

Influence of light intensity and salinity on growth and antioxidant machinery of Thymus vulgaris L.

2020-05-02T07:13:15Z

Title: Influence of light intensity and salinity on growth and antioxidant machinery of Thymus vulgaris L. Authors: Zrig, Ahlem; Tounekti, Taieb; AbdElgawad, Hamada; Hamouda, Foued; Khemira, Habib Abstract: Thymus vulgaris L. commonly known as Thyme or Garden Thyme, is important medicinal herb used for their wide-ranging therapeutic properties. Agriculture practices of thyme plants influence their growth and biochemical composition. Here, we have evaluated the effects of two production systems and irrigation with saline water on growth, physiological characteristics and antioxidant capacity of T. vulgaris. Two levels of salinity stress (50 and 150 mM) were applied for 2 and 4 weeks under shade enclosure or open field. The results showed that NaCl-treated plants grown in shade enclosure showed reduced total dry weight and relative water content, photosynthetic characteristics and leaf pigments when compared to full sunny conditions. However, the shade conditions enhanced glucose and fructose accumulation mainly after a short period of NaCl stress application. The reduction of Ca2+ and K+ was lower in NaCl-stressed plants grown under open-field conditions. Besides, under sunny conditions, plants showed significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents. Our results demonstrated that these plants in open field have higher contents of reduced ascorbate (ASC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) than plants grown in shade enclosure, which could be related to enhanced activity of APX and GR. An increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity was also recorded. Moreover, activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) were mainly dependent on the intensity of NaCl stress. Page(s): 323-335