NOPR Collection: Special Issue on New Horizons in Biotechnology (NHBT-2019) (Guest Editors: Ashok Pandey, Reeta Rani Singhania, Thallada Bhaskar & Christian Larroche) [Pages 503-592]

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) as Sustainable Technology — Challenges and Perspectives

2020-08-03T08:47:52Z

Title: Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) as Sustainable Technology — Challenges and Perspectives Authors: Shah, Anil V.; Varjani, Sunita; Srivastava, Vijay Kumar; Bhatnagar, Ashish Abstract: In sustainable treatment of wastewater, in addition to treatment performance, other aspects viz. energy utilization, recycling of wastewater and social issues also play vital role in evaluation of the sustainability. It is useful for achieving zero liquid discharge from industries. Soil biotechnology (SBT) is a type of biological treatment that plays major part in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) technology. ZLD is used for conversion of organic matter present in wastes into various grades of products for soil application and turns wastewater to cleaner water in the presence of selective geophagus earthworms, bacterial culture and formulated soil. SBT reduces the level of various pollutants in industrial wastewater viz. biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrate, phosphates, nitrogen, suspended solids, odour, colour and other undesired organisms. This review briefly discusses the need for sustainable development in treatment of wastewater. It also provides an updated scientific literature on zero liquid discharge systems in industries including challenges and perspectives. Page(s): 508-514

Enhanced intracellular translocation and cytokine profiling of gold nanoparticles conjugated with human papilloma virus based (HPV-R9) cell-penetrating peptide in cancer cells

2020-08-03T08:44:06Z

Title: Enhanced intracellular translocation and cytokine profiling of gold nanoparticles conjugated with human papilloma virus based (HPV-R9) cell-penetrating peptide in cancer cells Authors: Saxena, Shikha; Kumar, Satish; Tiwari, Ashok K; Ramteke, Pramod W Abstract: Functionalized gold nanoparticles are emerging as a promising nanocarrier for targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules. The present study describes synthesis, characterization and intracellular delivery of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with L1 protein of human papilloma virus peptide (HPV) derived cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) conjugated with R9. HPV-R9 cell penetrating peptide conjugated with AuNPs (fAuNPs) was characterized using UV-visible and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The cellular uptake of fAuNPs was studied in Vero cells using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The fAuNPs displayed reversible low intracellular aggregation, ~20% cytotoxicity but high efficiency and stability in Vero cells. The cytokines study by real-time PCR was performed in 4T1 cells of the IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-ᵞ, found to be upregulated in comparison to control. The functionalized gold nanoparticles cell penetrating peptide show good intracellular transport to thecellular destinations.Results of this study demonstrate that cell penetrating peptide can be used along with gold nanoparticles for therapeutics application, particularly cancer. Page(s): 515-521

In vitro anticancer potential of Anaphyllum wightii Schott. against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cell lines and molecular docking studies of β-sitosterol

2020-08-03T08:37:53Z

Title: In vitro anticancer potential of Anaphyllum wightii Schott. against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cell lines and molecular docking studies of β-sitosterol Authors: Lekshmi, S; Swapna, TS Abstract: Cancer is the second most life threatening noncommunicable disease in humans that challenges the mankind with its multifactorial etiology. Even though various treatment strategies such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, etc. are commonly used for this disease, researches are being focussed on developing plant-derived novel anticancer compounds that lack side effects. There were no previous reports on the anticancer potential of the ethnomedicinally important plant Anaphyllum wightii Schott. (Araceae). Hence, in the present study, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of A. wightii on Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) tumor cell line. Interestingly, the acetone extract of rhizome showed much lower LC₅₀ value (14.27 μg/ mL) for the DLA cell line compared to that of normal rat spleen cells (1189.23μg/mL), revealing its significant anticancer potential. The molecular docking analysis showed β-sitosterol, present in the rhizome, as a promising lead molecule for the development of cytochrome P450 1 A1 inhibitors, which may provide potential anticancer agents. Page(s): 522-526

Efflux pumps and biofilm formation by both methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains

2020-08-03T08:35:49Z

Title: Efflux pumps and biofilm formation by both methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains Authors: Aggarwal, Shifu; Singh, Durg Vijai Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is the primary cause of nosocomial infections. It produces potent toxins and causes superficial lesions, systemic diseases, and several toxaemic syndromes. In this study, we determined the role of efflux pump in conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones in the biofilm of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains. We selected five strains of S. aureus comprising three methicillin sensitive strains, including ATCC25923, and two strains of methicillinresistant S. aureus.Thioridazine, chlorpromazine, carbonyl cyanide 3-chloro-phenylhydrazone and reserpine showed activity against MSSA strains. Whereas, thioridazine and chlorpromazine were active against MRSAstrains too.Thioridazine and chlorpromazine showed a significant decrease in biofilm formation of MSSA strain 2493, and MRSA strain UC1079 compared to the control strain ATCC25923. Thioridazine showed a similar effect on MSSA strain N297214 and MRSA strain N307002. Four to eight-fold increase was found in the expression of efflux pump genes with ethidium bromide, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin in these strains. However, a decrease in the expression of norB, norC, abcA and mepA was observed in MSSA, and MRSA strains with thioridazine, chlorpromazine and naringenin. This study, thus demonstrate that the major facilitator superfamily, multidrug and toxin compound extrusion, and ATP binding cassette family of efflux pumps play an essential role in developing antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. It is the first report on existence of efflux pump genes in biofilm beside antibiotic resistance for fluoroquinolones in MRSA and MSSAstrains, which need further characterization. Page(s): 527-538