NOPR Collection:

Applicability of Native L-Arginase produced by Streptomyces plicatus KAR73 as Antineoplastic Agent

2021-10-05T11:59:00Z

Title: Applicability of Native L-Arginase produced by Streptomyces plicatus KAR73 as Antineoplastic Agent Authors: Gumashta, Raghvendra; Jain, Richa; Pandey, Akanksha; Tiwari, Prachi; Jain, Aakanchha Abstract: Most of the cancer cells require high quantity of arginine for sustaining their fast-metabolic rates. Limiting supply of arginine to cancer cells using arginase may prove to be of great therapeutic value. The arginase produced by a micro organism isolated from soil has been used in industrial production of ornithine, however its use in anticancer activities is scarcely studied. This study optimized soybean meal supplemented basal media for Arginase production. Arginase was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, sephadex G-100 column chromatography and DEAE chromatography achieving 79.2% purification fold and 24.26% yield. It had 23 KD molecular weight as determined using Native PAGE and was active at considerably wide pH range of 6–10 and temperature 30–50℃. Whereas the maximum arginase activity was noticed with Mn²+ ions followed by polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP) at 70 mM substrate concentration, the maximum inhibition of activity was caused by CuC. Streptomyces plicatus KAR 73 produced arginase on mouse mammary cell line (CID 9) was not inhibited by the arginase upto 6.5 U/mL. Significant (p< 0.001) inhibition in Mouse mammary tumor (C1271) cell lines was observed with IC₅₀ 5.2 U/mL. The ornithine has been produced earlier with Mycoplasma and Clostridium by other researchers but production of native arginase from Streptomyces specifically for anticancer activities has not yet been reported. The present study infers that Arginase produced from native Streptomyces has shown promising results thereby enabling feasibility assessment towards cost effective industrial production of arginase. Page(s): 841-849

Simultaneous Lipid Production and Valorization of Crude Glycerol by Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic Cultivation of Arthrospira platensis

2021-10-05T11:56:18Z

Title: Simultaneous Lipid Production and Valorization of Crude Glycerol by Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic Cultivation of Arthrospira platensis Authors: Tosuner, Zulfiye Velioglu; Urek, Raziye Ozturk Abstract: This study investigates the possible use of crude glycerol as external carbon source for mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation of Arthrospira platensis for the purpose of producing lipid. Recently, biodiesel has become a remarkable biofuel while cyanobacterial lipid is an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. In this study effect of carbon source concentration, trophic culture type on production of biomass, chlorophyll, protein, total carbohydrate and lipid were examined. In terms of total lipid content, the highest value was detected as 5.78 ± 0.21 mg/g cell with 10 mM crude glycerol in mixotrophic cultivation on 18^th day. Higher specific growth rates were detected in mixotrophic cultures. The fatty acid composition was detected by gas chromatography. The produced lipid had the basic fatty acids for a quality biodiesel production — palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids. The biodiesel potential of produced lipid was investigated. The indicator of oxidative stability of the fuel, iodine value was in accordance with UNE-EN 14214. Cetane number and oxidative stability are related to productive combustion characteristics of fuel which comply with ASTM 6751 standards. These results show that the fatty acid composition of the produced lipid, from a waste material via economical fermentation, is suitable for a qualitative fuel production. Page(s): 850-857

Production of Grippers Working with Bernoulli’s Principle for Laparoscopic Surgery and Optimization of Parameters that Affect Air Speed Required for Pulling Force

2021-10-05T11:54:15Z

Title: Production of Grippers Working with Bernoulli’s Principle for Laparoscopic Surgery and Optimization of Parameters that Affect Air Speed Required for Pulling Force Authors: Ertürk, Şenol Abstract: Laparoscopic surgeries are conducted using instruments and a camera inserted through tubes into the body, without conventional large incisions. Existing grippers used in laparoscopy are long and have a geared structure. Since tissues should be compressed for adequate gripping, grippers increase the risk of tissue damage. In this study, to prevent tissue damage, non-contact grippers were produced and tested for gripping and lifting performance in terms of air speed. Non-contact gripping was achieved by vacuum by reducing the pressure between the compressed air sent to the gripper operating based on Bernoulli’s principle and the object to be lifted by the gripper surface. Each gripper’s air velocity required to generate buoyancy was optimized using the Taguchi method to investigate usability. By using the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array, 16 experiments were conducted using 4 grippers, 4 air pressure conditions and 4 flow rates designed for air speed tests in increasing buoyancy. The results were analyzed using signal-to-noise ratio, analysis of variance and three-dimensional plots. The optimum combination consisted of 6.5 bar pressure and 3.4 m3/h air flow. The most effective factor was the gripper type. The results are important in preventing organ injuries when lifting flexible and sensitive tissues in laparoscopic surgery. Page(s): 858-865

An Innovative Approach for the Detection of High Boiler Adulterants in Sandalwood and Cedarwood Essential Oils

2021-10-05T11:52:38Z

Title: An Innovative Approach for the Detection of High Boiler Adulterants in Sandalwood and Cedarwood Essential Oils Authors: Tripathi, Shreya; Kumar, Prashant; Rout, Prasant Kumar; Khare, Sunil Kumar; Naik, Satyanarayan Abstract: Owing to the important uses of essential oils, its adulteration is a serious issue of concern. Among the adulterants, the high volatiles can be detected through GC and GC/MS. However, the detection of subtle high boiler adulterants is extremely difficult, and requires development of novel techniques to overcome the challenges faced by the essential oil industry. In current study, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was validated as an innovative approach for quantitative estimation of adulteration in essential oils taking sandalwood and cedarwood oils as case study. The low−cost vegetable oils like castor oil, coconut oil, and synthetic polymer like polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) were used as high boiler adulterants. The physical parameters like specific gravity and refractive index of pure and adulterated oil samples were analyzed followed by their TGA analysis. The physical parameters of adulterated samples did not show significant variation from that of pure essential oils, thus need alternate analytical techniques to overcome this issue. The TGA of pure essential oil was volatized in single−stage around 200–260℃, whereas the high boiler adulterants such as vegetable oils and synthetic PEG-400 majorly volatized in the range 300–500℃ and 260–400℃, respectively. The adulterated samples exhibited mostly two-stage weight loss pattern, which was quantitatively estimated with high accuracy by this technique. Therefore, the TGA analysis can be used as a novel technique for rapid and precise detection of high boiler adulterants in essential oils like sandalwood and cedarwood due to difference in their volatile behaviour. Page(s): 866-874