NOPR Collection: [Pages 155-228]

Effect of poly-D-lysine on proliferation and senescence of caprine spermatogonial stem cells in vitro

2022-03-04T09:47:59Z

Title: Effect of poly-D-lysine on proliferation and senescence of caprine spermatogonial stem cells in vitro Authors: Gupta, Deeksha; Kharche, Suresh Dinkar; Singh, Shiva Pratap; Pathak, Juhi; Pathak, Manisha; Chauhan, Manmohan Singh Abstract: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have the unique ability of both self-renewing and to produce progeny that undergoes differentiation to spermatozoa. As SSCs exist in very low numbers, therefore efficient in vitro expansion of SSCs is important prior to their clinical applications. In this study, we tried to improve the functionality of putative SSCs (pSSCs) during culture using poly-D-lysine (PDL) coating. For this, plates were coated with 0.01% PDL with different coating time interim treatments (5, 30 and 60 min) while control remained uncoated. The adequate amount of pSSCs of the goat was isolated and enriched using two-step enzymatic digestion and differential plating methods. Further, the functionality of pSSCs was evaluated by cell growth analysis, cell proliferation, senescence, and the presence of pluripotency (alkaline phosphatase, OCT-4) and SSC related (PGP-9.5) markers. The number and size of pSSCs colonies in 0.01% PDL coating groups were significantly (P <0.05) higher than in the control group. Similarly, pSSCs on uncoated plates expressed significantly (P <0.05) higher 𝛽-galactosidase expression indicating higher senescence of pSSCs on uncoated plates than PDL-coated plates. The results suggest that PDL provides a favourable microenvironment for pSSCs culture as indicated by early attachment, proliferation, and decreased senescence. This strategy may significantly contribute to the efficient culture of pSSCs for further studies of the regulatory mechanism of pSSCs proliferation and differentiation. Page(s): 161-168

In vitro anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Stoechospermum marginatum against HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells

2022-03-04T09:45:22Z

Title: In vitro anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Stoechospermum marginatum against HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells Authors: Lakshmanan, Kalaiselvi; Padmanabhan, Sriram; SP, Preetha; RP, Aravindh Babu; M, Parthiban; TA, Kannan Abstract: Colorectal cancer is a one of the leading causes of death globally and its clinical management of cancer involves chemotherapy. Increase in the development of resistance to the drugs used in the cancer treatment and serious side effects associated with chemotherapeutic drugs are the major limitations in cancer therapy. Hence, there exists a huge need to develop safer natural therapeutic products for cancer therapy. In this study, ethanolic extract of Stoechospermum marginatum was evaluated for its anticancer activity. The cytotoxicity of S. marginatum extract was evaluated on HT-29 cells by MTT assay. Trypan blue cell viability was also carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect. The apoptosis-inducing potential of the extract was analyzed by acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining method, mitochondrial membrane potential assay and FITC Annexin V-Propidium iodide staining method. The ethanolic extract of S. marginatum showed significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells Treatment with S. marginatum extract increased number of apoptotic cells in HT-29 cells and caused damage to mitochondrial membrane potential. The findings of the present study confirmed in vitro anticancer activity of ethanolic extract S. marginatum Page(s): 169-175

Heavy metal accumulation in Trichogaster fasciata (Bloch & Schneider) from the river Ganges and its tributaries: A health concern for fish-consuming populations

2022-03-04T09:42:20Z

Title: Heavy metal accumulation in Trichogaster fasciata (Bloch & Schneider) from the river Ganges and its tributaries: A health concern for fish-consuming populations Authors: Bano, Farah; Ansari, Jamal Akhtar; Serajuddin, M Abstract: Accumulation of metal in fish flesh is increasing because of heavy metal pollution in rivers of India, which poses significant threat to the consumers’ health. Here, we studied the concentrations of heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)] in the muscle tissues of Banded or Striped gourami, Trichogaster fasciata Bloch & Schneider collected from the river Ganges and its tributaries in order to assess the risk the consumers are put to. The order of metal accumulation (Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd) was found to be the same in both the fish muscle and the water samples. Significant values of correlation of coefficient (R = 0.9184-0.9612) of length-weight relationship and mean condition factor ranging between 1.876-2.420 g/cm3 of different populations of the fish were recorded. All metal concentration was negatively correlated with the fish size and condition factor except Zn in Ghaghara and Yamuna (P <0.05) and Pb in the Ganges (P <0.05) and Yamuna (P <0.001). Estimated daily intakes by the fish-eating inhabitants were lower than the maximum tolerable daily intake value except for that of Zn. The target hazard quotient and health index showed that intake of these heavy metals was quite safe by the fish consuming local populations including both the male and females. This study could be used as an essential piece of information for the management purposes of river Ganga to prevent heavy metal pollution and risk associated with it. Page(s): 176-183

Impact of mannitol and poly ethylene glycol 6000 induced water deficit on plant biomass and major secondary metabolites in Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. in vitro

2022-03-04T07:35:41Z

Title: Impact of mannitol and poly ethylene glycol 6000 induced water deficit on plant biomass and major secondary metabolites in Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. in vitro Authors: S, Jisha; S, Aiswarya; PR, Gouri; K, Manikantan; KK, Sabu Abstract: Low water potential related stresses are regulated by modifying water uptake and loss to avoid low water potential, accumulating solutes which in turn enhance active principles and its gene expressions. Present study examined effect of in vitro induced absorption of mannitol and PEG (poly ethelene glycol) 6000 in Indian pennywort, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., neutraceutical plant, evidenced by phenotypic, molecular and phytochemical analyses. Both mannitol and PEG 6000 induce water deficit conditions in plants and retarded normal plant biomass in terms of fresh and dry weights. These effects were significantly less severe in plants subjected to mannitol, compared to PEG. PEG and mannitol imposed water deficit, resulted in decline in major active compound, asiaticoside evidenced by HPTLC of asiaticoside content. Differential expression of some selected key genes in the asiaticoside pathway including squalene synthase and β amyrin synthase by qPCR, confirmed decrease in transcript level expression of asiaticoside, whereas upregulated transcript level expression was observed in cycloartenol synthase for synthesis of phytosterols. Estimation of total flavonoids and phenolics under different water deficit conditions were found declined. In conclusion, water deficit by mannitol and PEG 6000 can significantly affects processes associated with biomass growth and ability to synthesize secondary metabolites in C. asiatica. Page(s): 184-191