NOPR Collection: [Pages 569-640]

Hepatopancreatic contributions of lipids and carotenoids to vitellogenesis in the intertidal anomuran crab, Emerita asiatica (Milne Edwards)

2022-08-01T12:02:42Z

Title: Hepatopancreatic contributions of lipids and carotenoids to vitellogenesis in the intertidal anomuran crab, Emerita asiatica (Milne Edwards) Authors: T, Persia Jothy; R, Rajesh Kannan; T, Subramoniam Abstract: In decapod crustaceans, lipids and the associated carotenoid pigments form an integral part of yolk to serve as nutrients during embryogenesis. This study reports on the analysis of different lipid classes and the major carotenoids in the ovary, hepatopancreas and hemolymph and their fluctuation during different phases of ovarian maturation in an anomuran crab, Emerita asiatica. Neutral lipids including triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) formed the bulk of ovarian lipids. Important fatty acids are Saturated fatty acids (SFA) 16:0 and 18:0, Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 16:1n7 and 18:1n9, and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 20:5n3 and 22:6n3. While phospholipids increased during maturation, glycolipids decreased. Cholesterol level in ovary increased initially, but declined during later stages. Dominant pigments, β-carotene and astaxanthin, steadily increased during ovarian maturation within the ovary, although canthaxanthin declined drastically towards last stage. In hepatopancreas, however, TG and FFA showed gradual decrease during maturation. Palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are the predominant fatty acids in hepatopancreas, showing a steady decline during ovarian maturation. Other lipid classes such as glycolipids also showed a decline in hepatopancreas. Both β-carotene and astaxanthin in hepatopancreas declined from the first stage of ovarian development, suggesting translocation to ovary. The overall metabolic changes of lipids and carotenoids in hepatopancreas, hemolymph and ovary are indicative of their accumulation within developing eggs to provide metabolic energy and substrates for membrane formation, and to serve as precursors for pigment formation respectively, during embryogenesis. Page(s): 573-579

Local and systemic effects of adrenomedullin after intestinal ischemia reperfusion

2022-08-01T12:05:02Z

Title: Local and systemic effects of adrenomedullin after intestinal ischemia reperfusion Authors: Oyar, Eser Oz; Yildirim, Zuhal; Pampal, Arzu; Ilhan, Ayse Sebnem; Unlu, Nese Lortlar Abstract: Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide proven to increase cellular tolerance to hypoxia and oxidative stresss and contribute angiogenesis. Despite its known therapeutic effects on myocardial, renal or spinal ischemic reperfusion injuries, its local and systemic effects on intestinal ischemic reperfusion injury still remain unknown. This study aims to demonstrate the local and systemic effects of AM on Intestinal Ischemic Reperfusion Injury (I-IRI) demonstrated in rats. Thirty male rats were randomly allocated to five groups: Control, Adrenomedullin (AM), Intestinal Ischemic Reperfusion Injury (I-IRI), Adrenomedullin and Intestinal Ischemic Reperfusion Injury (AM+I-IRI), and Intestinal Ischemic Reperfusion Injury and Adrenomedullin (I-IRI+AM). Blood and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. The results were expressed as mean±SEM and, P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were found to be elevated in I-IRI group and depleted in I-IRI+AM group. The biochemical and histopathological markers of injuries at the intestine and remote organs were found to be recuperated when the AM applied before the reperfusion phase. Results of this study demonstrated that the therapeutic drug adrenomedullin (AM) could reverse the intestinal and remote organ injuries related to intestinal ischemic reperfusion injury (I-IRI). These effects might be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities of AM. Page(s): 580-586

Bioactive extract of mycelia biomass of Ganoderma lucidum protects doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy

2022-08-01T12:05:47Z

Title: Bioactive extract of mycelia biomass of Ganoderma lucidum protects doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy Authors: Veena, Ravindran K; Ajith, Thekkuttuparambil A; Janardhanan, Kainoor K Abstract: Cardiotoxicity induced by anticancer drug; doxorubicin (DOX) is a limiting factor for its prolonged use in chemotherapy. No effective drug is currently available to prevent DOX induced cardiomyopathy. Ganoderma lucidum is highly valued medicinal mushroom used in traditional medicine. Mycelia biomasses are considered as alternate sources of mushroom bioactive compounds. We examined the effect of bioactive extract of G. lucidum mycelia biomass (GLME) to prevent cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in rats using a cumulative dose 18 mg/kg body wt. GLME was administered to animals at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body wt. once daily for five days prior to DOX administration and continued for three more days. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose of drug. Activities of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), endogenous antioxidant status, oxidative stress markers, electrocardiograph (ECG) and haematological parameters were evaluated. DOX administration drastically elevated CK, LDH, myocardial peroxidation and oxidative stress and significantly lowered endogenous antioxidant activity. GLME administration attenuated elevated levels of CK, LDH and oxidative stress and also ameliorated alterations in haematological and ECG parameters. Results revealed that bioactive extract of G. lucidum mycelia imparted significant protection against DOX induced cardiomyopathy suggesting the potential therapeutic significance of G. lucidum mycelia bioactives to alleviate DOX induced cardiomyopathy. Page(s): 587-596

Therapeutic effect of propolis on Staphylococcus aureus induced oxidative stress in kidney of BALB/c mice. A biochemical and histopathological study

2022-08-01T12:06:32Z

Title: Therapeutic effect of propolis on Staphylococcus aureus induced oxidative stress in kidney of BALB/c mice. A biochemical and histopathological study Authors: Rana, Anita; Kumar, Neelima R; Kaur, Jaspreet Abstract: Due to emerging drug resistance in pathogenic organisms, most of the second generation antibiotics are not effective in controlling the disease. As a consequence, the dosage and duration of drug intake has increased leading to drug induced toxicity and various side effects. A large number of natural products are being reported to ameliorate the toxicity and oxidative stress caused by antibiotics. Here, we explored the antioxidative potential of honey bee product propolis alone as well as in combination with antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus infected BALB/c mice. For experimental design, mice were divided in to seven groups and decapitated after experimental period. Kidney was excised, homogenized and then used for different biochemical and histopathological estimations. Results observed after treatment with propolis and antibiotics were compared with those of S. aureus infected group. Results showed increase in lipid peroxidation, decrease in reduced glutathione levels and antioxidant enzymes such as; catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. On the contrary, treatment with propolis, led to reduction in levels of LPO and increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes. Also, histopathology of kidney and all kidney function enzymes were restored to near normal. Page(s): 597-606