http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64550 2026-10-11T22:17:44Z 2026-10-11T22:17:44Z Agrawal, Vibha Kharade, Sanmesh Achari, Mukesh Pawar, Hitesh Sarode, Dilip http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64559 2024-09-18T09:32:36Z 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Forward Osmosis: An Energy-Efficient Approach for the Treatment and Recovery of Resources from the Dairy Industry Effluent Authors: Agrawal, Vibha; Kharade, Sanmesh; Achari, Mukesh; Pawar, Hitesh; Sarode, Dilip Abstract: The study explores implementing the Forward Osmosis (FO) membrane separation process to recover resources from whey, a waste stream in the dairy industry. A Hollow Fibre FO (HF-FO) membrane with membrane area of 13.8 m2 was employed, using aqueous NaCl as the draw solution. The optimization study delves into the impact of operating parameters such as mode of FO, concentration and osmotic pressure of draw solution and Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) on overall process efficiency. In the recirculation mode of FO, 24% (w/w) aqueous NaCl draw solution attained an impressive water recovery of 83.06% at a flux of 2.206 LMH (liters per square meter per hour) without any external TMP. With a slight application of TMP of 0.35 bar, water recovery further increased to 94.41%, concurrently achieving a high concentration factor of 17.87 at a flux of 2.462 LMH. Notably, lactose, a value-added product, is concentrated from 3.95% to 49.5% in the concentrated whey stream. The reported FO process exhibited remarkable energy efficiency, achieving a specific energy consumption of less than 8 kWh per ton of water removed. Thus, this approach is resourcefully and economically beneficial for the dairy industry, presenting a sustainable solution with positive environmental implications. Page(s): 943-954

2024-09-01T00:00:00Z Saxena, Arushi Gauba, Pammi http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64558 2024-09-18T09:29:23Z 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Assessing Phytoremediation Potential of Basil for Ciprofloxacin Authors: Saxena, Arushi; Gauba, Pammi Abstract: Over the past years, the prevalence of antibiotics in water and soil has become a significant environmental hazard that requires immediate attention. The purpose of this research is to examine the Ocimum basilicum (Basil) potential to remediate the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) and to determine its toxic effects on plants. A study in a greenhouse was conducted to eliminate ciprofloxacin from the soil. For four weeks, plants were grown with varying concentrations of ciprofloxacin (50 to 300 mg∙kg−1) in triplicates. To analyze the ciprofloxacin uptake in Basil, remediation rates, translocation factor, and toxicity measures such as fresh & dry biomass, shoot & root lengths, change in chlorophyll, flavonoid, carotenoid, proline, phenol, and catalase content were assessed. With the help of HPTLC (high-performance thin layer chromatography) technique, accumulation of ciprofloxacin in root and shoot were analyzed. The result showed that at 100 and 200 mg∙kg−1 of ciprofloxacin concentration, the selected plant showed maximum remediation of 93.81% & 92% respectively. Total chlorophyll, carotenoid, flavonoid, phenol, and catalase content, were higher at 100-200 mg∙kg−1. Such increase is observed to manage ciprofloxacin-induced stress in plants. These levels later decreased at higher concentrations due to toxicity of ciprofloxacin. Therefore, this study suggests that O. basilicum is a promising plant species with high remediation rate and also confirmed that phytoremediation has a significant capability as a sustainable & eco-friendly approach for the effective removal of CIP from soil. Page(s): 955-965

2024-09-01T00:00:00Z Vibhuti Sood, Akshita Katnoria, Nikita Kumar, Neelesh Kataria, Chitra Walia, Shefali Sahay, Amrita Ramkumar, B V http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64557 2024-09-18T09:25:37Z 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Virtual Reality Therapeutic Modules: Enhanced Cognitive Rehabilitation for Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities Authors: Vibhuti; Sood, Akshita; Katnoria, Nikita; Kumar, Neelesh; Kataria, Chitra; Walia, Shefali; Sahay, Amrita; Ramkumar, B V Abstract: Cognitive enhancement is becoming increasingly crucial for adolescents with neurodevelopmental impairments. This study highlights the evaluation and treatment of intellectual disabilities in adolescents who have difficulty with daily living activities despite having conceptual-based skills. To assess cognitive skills in these adolescents, the study utilized Virtual Reality (VR) approaches, integrating various modalities in the field of rehabilitation. The research aimed to develop virtual reality therapeutic modules that target two critical aspects of cognitive skills, using behavioral assessment scales tailored for Indian adolescents with intellectual disabilities, such as the Vocational Assessment and Programming System for Persons with Mental Retardation and the Functional Assessment Checklist for Programming. The results of this investigation showed the feasibility of implementing the virtual reality approach with intellectually disabled adolescents, with evaluations based on a single trial and the average time taken to complete the modules. The system was user-friendly, adaptable, and did not require any external hardware. A significant advantage of the developed therapeutic modules is their availability in multiple languages, tailored to the needs of intellectually disabled adolescents. Over time, these virtual reality therapeutic modules can provide a comprehensive rehabilitation program for these adolescents. Page(s): 966-976

2024-09-01T00:00:00Z Ram, Anil Dutta, Manash Pratim Chakraborty, Swarnendu Kumar http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64556 2024-09-18T09:20:59Z 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z

Title: An Authentication Mechanism to Prevent Various Security Threats in Software Defined Networking by using AVISPA Authors: Ram, Anil; Dutta, Manash Pratim; Chakraborty, Swarnendu Kumar Abstract: Scalability in Software Defined Networking (SDN) empowers extensive interconnectivity among devices, making it particularly advantageous. As the number of hosts in SDN networks grows in response to increasing demand, network administrators must ensure the legitimacy of these hosts. To address this, our method requires SDN hosts to be authenticated before connecting to the SDN controller using the Kerberos authentication protocol. Kerberos employs a centralized server to validate host credentials, making it easier for hosts to access network rules and communicate securely with the controller. For enhanced security, we use Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA), which automates the verification of security protocols, identifying vulnerabilities early and improving secure application development. AVISPA employs protocols like OFMC (Otway-Rees Formal Model of Communication) and CL-Atse (Computational Logic for Automated Security) for security checks, which are effective for our analysis. In the OFMC evaluation of our technique, 564 nodes were visited with a search time of 0.23 seconds and a depth of 10 plies, indicating favourable results for network security, data integrity, transparency, reliability, and confidentiality. The CL-Atse analysis examined 545 states, with 506 nodes reachable in 0.12 seconds, demonstrating security against Man-in-the-Middle (MIM) and Replay attacks. The computational cost was 0.0982 milliseconds, proving that our technique is secure against various threats while maintaining low computational overhead. Page(s): 977-988

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