NOPR Collection:http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/658512026-10-11T12:15:11Z2026-10-11T12:15:11ZCurrent practices for the management of sludge generated from common effluent treatment plants - A reviewKumar, KrishnaSharma, RamanGoyal, S Khttp://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/658722025-05-16T12:08:02Z2025-03-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Current practices for the management of sludge generated from common effluent treatment plants - A review
Authors: Kumar, Krishna; Sharma, Raman; Goyal, S K
Abstract: Sludge management in common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) is a highly complex, difficult and expensive task that,
if done incorrectly, might jeopardies the environment and sanitary advantages expected in the treatment systems. The sludge
generated from the CETPs may contain hazardous waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health and the
environment. Hazardous wastes are frequently dumped directly into the environment in many developing and
underdeveloped nations, which puts human health and the ecosystem at risk. The processing, managing and disposal of
hazardous sludge is a major challenge in this technological era and it is very crucial to pick a sludge treatment and disposal
system that is both practical and affordable from a technological & environmental standpoint. This review article discusses
the current practices of hazardous sludge management, collection & transportation, recycling and reuse and various
treatment techniques.
Page(s): 149-1602025-03-01T00:00:00ZNovel molasses-grafted poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogel: A sustainable solution for water retention and controlled dinotefuran releaseNandal, ManuPrashar, VaishaliBansiwal, MukulKapoor, IshitaKansal, TusharGupta, Rajinder K.http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/658712025-05-16T12:06:13Z2025-03-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Novel molasses-grafted poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogel: A sustainable solution for water retention and controlled dinotefuran release
Authors: Nandal, Manu; Prashar, Vaishali; Bansiwal, Mukul; Kapoor, Ishita; Kansal, Tushar; Gupta, Rajinder K.
Abstract: Sugarcane molasses, a byproduct derived from sucrose manufacturing, is a polyphenolic compound with high sugar
content. In this study, a novel molasses-grafted poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogel (M-g-SAH) is synthesized via free radical
co-polymerization, using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator and N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the
crosslinker. M-g-SAH is characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD),
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and rheometer. Results demonstrated significant
structural, thermal, and morphological changes in M-g-SAH compared to the non-grafted control hydrogel (ctrl). Swelling
studies in Milli-Q water revealed that M-g-SAH achieved a maximum swelling index of 225.9 g g-1, with swelling behavior
influenced by molasses, KPS, and MBA concentrations. The controlled release of molasses from the M-g-SAH is modelled
using Korsmeyer-Peppas, Higuchi, and first-order kinetics. M-g-SAH demonstrated a prolonged release of molasses over
39 h, outperforming the ctrl. According to ANOVA results, the addition of molasses proved to be an effective factor in
agricultural trials, as the M-g-SAH hydrogel significantly showed improved water retention and reduced evaporation rate
compared to ctrl. Additionally, dinotefuran loading and release studies confirmed M-g-SAH's potential as a pesticide carrier,
supporting sustained release applications. These properties make M-g-SAH an eco-friendly and versatile material suitable
for agricultural applications.
Page(s): 161-1752025-03-01T00:00:00ZMHD radiative Williamson nanofluid through Darcy Forchheimer medium due to stretching sheet in the presence of heat source, activation energy and motile microorganismsReddy, M. VinodkumarDas, Tusar KantiMalleswari, K.Nath, Jintu ManiSaroja, S.Reddy, V. Madhusudanahttp://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/658702025-05-16T12:03:15Z2025-03-01T00:00:00ZTitle: MHD radiative Williamson nanofluid through Darcy Forchheimer medium due to stretching sheet in the presence of heat source, activation energy and motile microorganisms
Authors: Reddy, M. Vinodkumar; Das, Tusar Kanti; Malleswari, K.; Nath, Jintu Mani; Saroja, S.; Reddy, V. Madhusudana
Abstract: The study investigates the magneto radiative flow of Williamson nanofluid with entropy generation in Darcy
Forchheimer porous medium over a stretching sheet with motile microorganisms and activation energy. The Brownian
motion, thermophoresis, chemical reaction, heat source and suction/injection are also taken into this flow model. The set of
partial differential equations (PDEs) in the mathematical framework is simplified to ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
by employing the similarity transformation. Computational outcomes are obtained using a Runge-Kutta based shooting
technique implemented via the BVP5C MATLAB package. The research illustrates graphical representations elucidating the
influence of various dimensionless parameters on flow regime. The main findings indicate that the escalating velocity
profile is observed with magnetic field and Darcy-Forchheimer number. Also, an escalation in the Brinkman number and
magnetic field increases the entropy generation. The motile microorganism profile is reduced for enlarging values of the bioconvection
Lewis number and Peclet number. Furthermore, the thermal efficacy rate in the proximity of the surface is
significantly touched up by the enhancing Brownian motion, radiation and suction factor and the proximity solutal transfer
rate exhibits elevation with escalating Schmidt and chemical reaction. Implications entail the refinement of thermal
exchange and cooling mechanisms employing nanofluids to bolster efficacy and environmental viability.
Page(s): 176-1892025-03-01T00:00:00ZPretreatment strategy for enhanced lipid extraction from algal biomass in bio-oil productionKataria, Ajay KumarDubey, Ashok KumarMohanty, KaustubhaSasmal, Soumyahttp://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/658692025-05-16T12:00:38Z2025-03-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Pretreatment strategy for enhanced lipid extraction from algal biomass in bio-oil production
Authors: Kataria, Ajay Kumar; Dubey, Ashok Kumar; Mohanty, Kaustubha; Sasmal, Soumya
Abstract: Efficient lipid extraction from algal biomass is a critical step in bio-oil production. Optimizing extraction parameters has led to the development of various methodologies; however, the primary challenge remains in effectively disrupting algal cells to facilitate lipid release. This study evaluates the impact of different pretreatment techniques on traditional lipid extraction methods, focusing on lipid extraction efficiency. Pretreatment methods examined include physical disruption (blending), irradiation (microwaving), and a novel combination of both. Traditional lipid extraction methods, such as Bligh-Dyer, Folch, and Soxhlet are employed. Results demonstrated that lipid extraction efficiency increased from 2.22–22.12% of dry weight (untreated biomass) to 10.09–52.08% of dry weight (pretreated biomass), varying across different algal species. The combined pretreatment (blender and microwave) followed by the Bligh-Dyer method yielded the highest lipid recovery. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed the maximum lipid content (52.08±2.22%). These findings highlight the significant enhancement in lipid recovery using the novel pretreatment and suggest its potential for improving bio-oil production.
Page(s): 190-2022025-03-01T00:00:00Z