NOPR Collection:http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/676072026-10-09T16:20:20Z2026-10-09T16:20:20ZComparison of direct and reactive dyeing in terms of technical, economic and ecological perspectivesAtav, RKugu, FNKara, DGökçe, İhttp://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/676222026-04-06T11:28:46Z2026-03-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Comparison of direct and reactive dyeing in terms of technical, economic and ecological perspectives
Authors: Atav, R; Kugu, FN; Kara, D; Gökçe, İ
Abstract: Today, the concept of sustainable and environmentally friendly production has gained great importance. Currently,
reactive dyes are predominantly used in the dyeing of cotton fabrics. However, when direct dyes are used in light and
medium shades, they have the potential to provide significant advantages in terms of wastewater load since they require
little to no alkali and have very low salt requirements. In this study, 100% cotton single jersey fabric samples were dyed
with yellow, red and blue direct dyes belonging to trichromatic combination at 4 different depths, 0.5-1-2-3%, and the
obtained colour yield values were statistically analysed. Then, fastness tests were conducted on the fabric samples. In the
second stage of the study, the colours of the fabric samples dyed with direct dyes at 1% depth were taken as reference and
these colours were matched with reactive dyes. Then, the same colour obtained by direct dyeing and reactive dyeing was
compared with each other in terms of technical (colour, washing, rubbing, water, perspiration and light fastness values),
economic (chemical, energy and water consumption for 1 kg fabric dyeing (including after-treatments)) and ecological
(chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and pH value of the dyeing wastewater) aspects.
Page(s): 7-132026-03-01T00:00:00ZThermoplastic polyurethane coating for defense inflatables: Influence of polyurethane chemistry and UV additives on weathering performancesChatterjee, US Butola, BJoshi, Mhttp://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/676212026-04-06T11:26:26Z2026-03-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Thermoplastic polyurethane coating for defense inflatables: Influence of polyurethane chemistry and UV additives on weathering performances
Authors: Chatterjee, U; S Butola, B; Joshi, M
Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the weathering degradation of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) coatings particularly
targeting the protective layer of inflatable systems used for defense applications. The study provides a comprehensive
evaluation of the degradation characteristics of two thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) with distinct chemical backbones,
aliphatic ether-based and aromatic ester-based, when exposed to accelerated artificial weathering. Additionally, the
influence of commercially available UV-stabilizing additives on the degradation extent was systematically investigated. It
has been found from the study, both qualitatively and quantitatively, that the amount of degradation is much lower in case of
aliphatic ether based TPU than the aromatic ester one. Incorporation of only 1wt% UV protective additive shows a further
delay indegradation.The extent of the changes in the weathering degradation has beenfoundto correlate well with the
variations in the ultimate performance properties of the coatings.
Page(s): 14-232026-03-01T00:00:00ZEffect of variation of granite powder filler content on the mechanical and thermal behaviour of jute-flax reinforced epoxy hybrid compositesMadhusudhan Reddy, BSuresh Kumar, GSankaraiah, GMeenakshi Reddy, RV Mohan Reddy, YMadhava Reddy, Khttp://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/676202026-04-06T11:24:06Z2026-03-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Effect of variation of granite powder filler content on the mechanical and thermal behaviour of jute-flax reinforced epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Madhusudhan Reddy, B; Suresh Kumar, G; Sankaraiah, G; Meenakshi Reddy, R; V Mohan Reddy, Y; Madhava Reddy, K
Abstract: The current research focuses on the development of hybrid composites utilising natural fibre reinforcement and fillers
with polymer resin for engineering applications. Natural fibres and filler materials have received substantial interest because
of their environmentally beneficial and sustainable properties. Using the hand lay-up method, five hybrid composite samples
were fabricated by keeping the jute fibre and flax fibre weight % ratio at 5(wt.%): 15(wt.%) and altering the granite powder
filler weight percentage (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) in epoxy resin. A universal testing machine was used to assess the hybrid
composites' tensile and flexural strengths, and an Izod impact tester was used to determine their impact strength. Mechanical
tests demonstrated that the inclusion of granite powder filler improved the mechanical properties in the fibres up to 15 wt.%,
but then decreased owing to filler agglomeration. The thermo-gravimetric analysis was used for evaluating the thermal
response of the samples, or thermal stability of the hybrid composites and are thermally stable up to 420°C. Furthermore,
Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy was used to trace the existence of chemical functional groups in the hybrid
composite. Scanning Electron Microscopic examination was used to confirm the interfacial bonding and failure modes of
tested hybrid composites. The results indicate that these hybrid composites can be used in various applications, such as
structural panels for vehicles, automobiles, aerospace, and construction. Thus, combining otherwise-unused granite powder
with jute and flax fibres yields methods for recycling waste and making eco-friendly composites.
Page(s): 24-342026-03-01T00:00:00ZEnhanced antimicrobial and biocompatible properties of polylactic acid nanocomposites reinforced with agave sisalana cellulose nanofibresA Priya, ST Nevaditha, Nhttp://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/676192026-04-06T11:21:43Z2026-03-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Enhanced antimicrobial and biocompatible properties of polylactic acid nanocomposites reinforced with agave sisalana cellulose nanofibres
Authors: A Priya, S; T Nevaditha, N
Abstract: The growing demand for sustainable and biodegradable materials in biomedical applications motivates this study on
biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) derived from Agave
sisalana. The nanocomposites were fabricated via solvent casting. SEM analysis confirmed uniform dispersion of CNFs and
enhanced interfacial bonding with the PLA matrix. XRD results indicated an increase in the crystalline regions of PLA due
to CNF incorporation, contributing to improved mechanical strength and thermal stability, which are critical for biomedical
implants. Thermal degradation studies showed a 19°C increase in degradation temperature compared to plain PLA,
indicating enhanced heat resistance. Mechanical testing revealed a 48.4 % increase in tensile strength and a 66.1% increase
in Young’s modulus relative to plain PLA, demonstrating the reinforcing effectiveness of CNFs. Chemical degradation tests
showed accelerated hydrolytic and environmental degradation of the nanocomposites compared to plain PLA, beneficial for
controlled biodegradation. Additionally, antimicrobial activity improved with increasing CNF content against common
pathogens. Hemolytic and MTT assays confirmed good biocompatibility at 3 wt% CNF loading, highlighting the potential
of these nanocomposites for safe biomedical applications.
Page(s): 35-452026-03-01T00:00:00Z