NOPR Collection:

Briquetting of Agro-residues

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Briquetting of Agro-residues Authors: Mythili, R; Venkatachalam, P Abstract: Biomass is one of the predominant renewable energy sources. Utilization of biomass for the energy generation has got much attention in the world. In this study pigeon pea stalk, soy stalk and cotton stalk were used in the briquetting process. Properties of the samples were determined as per ASTM standards. The agro-residues were densified using ram and die type briquetting machine without adding any binder material. Bulk density and calorific value of the briquettes were in the range of 340.7-657.9 kg/m3 and 4007-4892 kCal/kg, respectively. On an average, the compressive strength required to break the briquette was 1.08 kN/m2. The briquettes were used in an open core downdraft gasifier. The gas production from pigeon pea stalk, cotton stalk and soy stalk briquettes was 2.8, 2.5 and 3.1 Nm3/kg, respectively. The producer gas had a CO and H2 content of 18.6 and 12%, respectively. It revealed that the briquettes are well suited for the energy generation. Page(s): 58-61

Impact of biodiesel on fuel system materials durability

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Impact of biodiesel on fuel system materials durability Authors: Sorate, K A; Bhale, P V Abstract: Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, comprising of alkyl monoesters of fatty acids obtained from contemporary feedstock such as vegetable oils, animal fats and waste cooking oils, has been the focus of a considerable amount of recent research. This interest is based on a number of benefits including the fact that it is renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic and has the potential to reduce certain exhaust emission. It is essential, while experimenting with abiodiesel, to strike a balance between the several conflicting parameters that might exist. This may include not only the performance and emission characteristics of the engine, but also the gross life of the engine system. In an automotive fuel system, mainly ferrous alloys, non-ferrous alloys and elastomers come in contact with the fuel. The degradation behaviour, occurring in relation to fossil fuels, has been sufficiently studied and documented. However, the impact of biodiesel on the degradation behaviour of fuel system materials has been rarely investigated. This paper aims to present a systematic retrospect of a total of 52 papers from the year 1995 to 2012 related to the compatibility of automotive materials with biodiesel, including some results obtained in-house. Page(s): 48-57

Image Resolution and Contrast Enhancement Using Singular value and Discrete wavelet Decomposition

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Image Resolution and Contrast Enhancement Using Singular value and Discrete wavelet Decomposition Authors: Gunaseelan, K.; Seethalakshmi, E. Abstract: This paper proposes the image resolution and contrast enhancement techniques using DWT (Discrete wavelet transform), SWT (Stationary wavelet transform) and SVD (Singular value decomposition). The low resolution and contrast input image is equalized using GHE (Generalized histogram equalization). This equalized image is decomposed into the four frequency subbands by using DWT and the four subband images are interpolated using Bicubic interpolation technique. In this proposed method, the new LL is reconstructed using SVD and edges are enhanced using SWT. Then all these subbands are reconstructed as high resolution image using IDWT (Inverse discrete wavelet transforms). Hence this proposed algorithm enhances the image resolution and contrast over the conventional techniques. The experimental result shows the superiority of the proposed method over conventional techniques. Page(s): 31-35

Control device for Indoor mercury emission - Eco friendly model

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Control device for Indoor mercury emission - Eco friendly model Authors: Jayaprakash, K.; Mahesh, R. Abstract: The mercury pollution and their toxicological studies, ecological sources and bioaccumulation have been extensively studied by many workers. However there is a deficiency of knowledge exist on the suitable mercury emission control techniques. In the present study an eco friendly, non-chemical and cost-benefit mercury indoor emission control device has been suggested. Data was obtained for mercury emission from air samples collected at indoor level (27.8mg/m³). Also by the samples collected at the air discharged from the proposed unit during the gold refining process (6.3mg/m³). Nine different small scale gold refining cottage industries were selected for the test studies with this unit. The results are encouraging. There is a significant reduction of mercury in outdoor ambient air samples. Further developments are on to design the said control device with cost benefit on commercial basis. Page(s): 11-14