NOPR Collection:

Join Request Knowledge Based Multicast Protocol for MANET

2013-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Join Request Knowledge Based Multicast Protocol for MANET Authors: Rangarajan, J; Baskaran, K Abstract: This study proposes join request knowledge based multicast protocol (JRKBMP) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). A novel source and receiver join procedure is used in the proposed scheme. Source join and receiver join messages were sent only to their cluster-head and not flooded in the entire network. On completion of the join request procedure, a full- fledged path is ready for data delivery from source to multicast receivers. Hence, control overhead is minimized and bandwidth is efficiently used. Cluster formation and cluster- head elections were based on the Weighted Cluster Algorithm. Communication between cluster-head is done through junction node. Different junction node is used in the upstream and downstream direction. Source sends the data only to its cluster-head. Source cluster-head takes care of delivering the data to the multicast receivers through other cluster-heads and junction node. Performance of the proposed scheme is compared with Protocol for Unified Multicasting through Announcement (PUMA) under static cluster-heads for varying metrics such as node mobility and data transmission rate using ns- 2.32. Simulation results shows that, JRKBMP uses only a fraction of the control overhead of PUMA without much degradation in packet delivery ratio. Page(s): 101-106

Development and validation of improved HPLC method for the Quantitative determination of Curcuminoids in Herbal Medicament

2013-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Development and validation of improved HPLC method for the Quantitative determination of Curcuminoids in Herbal Medicament Authors: Malasonia, Richa; Srivastavaa, Akansha; Pandey, Rishi Ranjan; Srivastava, Pradeep Kumar; Dwivedi, Anil Kumar Abstract: A simple and precise high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous trace analysis of the content of pharmacologically important active curcuminoids: curcumin (C), demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxy curcumin (BDMC) in a novel standardized herbal preparation derived from the hexane soluble extract of Curcuma longa, tentatively assigned the generic nomenclature “herbal medicament” (HM). HPLC separation of active constituents was achieved on a Chromolith (100 x 4.6 mm, 2 μm, Merck) column using water-acetonitrile-acetic acid (60:40:1, v/v/v) as mobile phase, with UV detection at 425 nm. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), robustness, recovery, precision and accuracy. An empirical equation enabling calculation of the percentage content of DMC and BDMC from a calibration curve of C, without relying on reference standards of DMC and BDMC, is proposed on the basis of available evidence, suggesting that pharmacologically important curcuminoids may be accurately reported as proportions of a single constituent assayed quantitatively. Hence, quantitative estimation of trace constituents on the basis of empirical evidence for proportionate composition is suggested as a means of quantifying the key constituents in herbal preparation intended for pharmacological intervention in patients requiring treatment with HM. Page(s): 88-91

Discrete wavelet transform based classifier for PQ disturbance detection

2013-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Discrete wavelet transform based classifier for PQ disturbance detection Authors: Deokar, S A; Waghmare, L M Abstract: In this paper the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) concept using multi-resolution signal decomposition (MSD) technique with Daubechies family db4 second order vanishing moment mother wavelet for detection of power quality (PQ) disturbances has been proposed and presented. The PQ disturbances are also classified by extracting energy distribution features from multiresolution analysis (MRA) curve based on detailed energy distribution pattern (DEDP). The information obtained from detail squared wavelet transform coefficients (SWTC) of the disturbance signal at each wavelet decomposition level is utilized for plotting MRA curve. The proposed method algorithm has been verified by simulating various PQ disturbances and results are analyzed using Mathworks Matlab/Simulink. The classification and detection sensitivity of the proposed method is also verified and presented when signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 20 dB is superimposed during the duration of PQ disturbances. The proposed technique appears to be effective and accurate tool for the detection, localization and classification of PQ disturbances. Page(s): 92-100

Cofiring of Biomass with coal: A Perspective

2013-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Cofiring of Biomass with coal: A Perspective Authors: Mythili, R; Venkatachalam, P Abstract: Depletion of fossil fuels and its associated environmental hazards necessitated the attention towards renewable energy generation. Biomass is one of the renewable sources and available throughout the year. It includes wastes from farm and field, agro and allied industries. Utilization of these resources can generate a significant energy contribution as solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, chemicals and electricity. It had low sulfur content and reduces the reliance on fossil fuels and emissions. It can be used directly or indirectly in the existing and retrofitted systems as a substitute fuel for coal by the cofiring technology. The combined use of biomass and coal can reduce the emission as well as coal use and give value addition to the biomass. This paper reviews the cofiring of biomass with coal, technological issues and the emission reduction benefits of cofiring. Page(s): 122-126