NOPR Collection:

Evaluation of a Carbonaceous Sorbent Prepared from Pearl Millet Husk for Its Removal of Basic Dyes

2002-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Evaluation of a Carbonaceous Sorbent Prepared from Pearl Millet Husk for Its Removal of Basic Dyes Authors: Inbaraj, B Stephen; Selvarani, K; Sulochana, N Abstract: The capacity of a carbonaceous sorbent prepared from Pearl Millet Husk (PMHC), an agricultural byproduct to remove basic dyes was evaluated by choosing Methylene blue as the test dye. Batch-mode adsorption studies were carried out systematically, involving process parameters, such as agitation time, initial dye concentration, carbon dose, and pH. The adsorption followed a simple first order kinetic equation given by Lagergren and the rate was controlled by both film and intra-particle diffusion processes, isotherm analyses of the equilibrium data involving Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models have shown that Freundlich model fits well with the experimental data more precisely, although reasonably better fit was obtained for Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. The adsorption parameters were obtained by non-linear optimization method and the adsorption capacity derived from Langmuir isotherm model was 82.37 mg/g. The influence of pH on dye removal was insignificant and a portion of the dye was recovered from the spent carbon in organic medium. Page(s): 971-978

New Technique of Microencapsulation by EVA Copolymer

2002-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: New Technique of Microencapsulation by EVA Copolymer Authors: Chowdary, K P R; Rao, N Koteswara Abstract: An industrially feasible new technique of microencapsulation by ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and the resulting microcapsules was investigated. EVA microcapsules of glipizide were prepared by an emulsion solvent evaporation method employing various proportions of coat and core materials and chloroform as solvent for the polymer EVA. The microcapsules are spherical, discrete, free flowing and monolithic, multinucleate type. Microencapsulation efficiency was between 89-97 per cent. Glipizide release from the microcapsules was slow and extended over more than 12 h and depended on coat:core ratio, wall thickness and size of the microcapsules. Drug release followed zero order kinetics after a lag period of 1 h. Good linear relationships were observed between wall thickness and release rate and T₅₀(time for 50 per cent release) values. The microcapsules were found suitable for both oral and parenteral controlled release. Release from some of the microcapsules was very close to that from a commercial SR tablet formulation of glipizide. Page(s): 966-970

A Novel Method of Estimating Motor Octane Number (MON) - A Structure Property-Relationship Approach

2002-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A Novel Method of Estimating Motor Octane Number (MON) - A Structure Property-Relationship Approach Authors: Singh, Shalini; Joshi, Shobha; Shrivastava, Anjali; Khadikar, Padmakar Abstract: A Novel method is proposed for the estimation of Motor Octane Number (MON) using Padmakar- Ivan (PI) index. The regression analysis of the data shows that MONs can be estimated successfully using PI index and that correlation of MON with PI is familial. Page(s): 961-965

Portable Mini Essential Oil Distillation Apparatus

2002-11-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Portable Mini Essential Oil Distillation Apparatus Authors: Babu, Kiran G D; Kaul, Vijay K; Ahuja, P S Abstract: Product ion of essential oils and hydrosols by common hydrodistillation prompted and facilitated development of a low cost, portable, mini distillation apparatus (MDA) made of stainless steel (SS) with a modular design for easy and rapid installation components depending on need. MDA can distill 1-10 kg plant material per batch of a variety of heavy and light essential oils by different heating modes, such as direct firing by fu el wood in easily constructible country made furnaces at the site, LPG stove, other heating devices like steam spurger, or electrical heaters. The extraction efficiency of MDA was compared with that of Clevenger type apparatus (CA) for essential oil dtermination by distilling Geranium and Tagetes oils. MDA yielded more essential oil with better and more complete ‘component make up’ of sensory profile qualitiatively. The GC and GC-MS studies further confirmed the findings. Similarly, the quality of rose water produced by MDA was also better. The combination of cost-effectiveness and flexibility with higher yield of better quality essential oils or 'waters' offer multiple options of utility in new agriculture production of hydrosols systems where diversification is the need and MDA may serve as a catalyst of change. MDA's patent has been filed in India, Argentina, Indonesia, USA, Brazil, Bulgaria, China and Turkey (NF No. 041 NF 2000, Application No.1004 DEL 2000, Filing date 10 November 2000). Page(s): 952-960