NOPR Collection:

Spatial Variability of Ambient Particulate Matter Around a Phosphatic Fertilizer Plant in India

2002-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Spatial Variability of Ambient Particulate Matter Around a Phosphatic Fertilizer Plant in India Authors: Sharma, Rajnikant; Pervez, Shamsh Abstract: Monitoring of ambient PM₁₀ and SPM levels in the vicinity of a phosphatic fertilizer plant located at Kumhari, Chhattisgarh was carried out using two sets of Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) and High Vulume Saimpler (HVS). The specific objectives were the determination of spatial and seasonal variability of levels of ambient particulates, and their relationship with the phosphatic fertilizer plant emissions. Samples were collected in post-rainy, winter and summer seasons (September 2000-June 2001). The results have shown a marked seasonal trend and spatial variability of ambient particulate levels in the study area that were higher in winter and lower in summer while in post-rainy period, levels were far less than other two seasons. Higher concentrations of ambient PM₁₀ and SPM were found in download monitoring stations compared to upwind direction. Seasonal variation in transport pattern of PM₁₀ and SPM was also observed. Monitoring stations at a distance of 4km downwind have shown highest susceptibility of PM₁₀in post-rainy and summer seasons while in winter it was found at 2 km downwind. In the case of SPM, highest 'susceptible location was found at 2km downwind in all the three season. Ratios of PM₁₀to SPM and correlation coefficient values between both size of particulate matter along with meterological parameters were also worked out. Relative humidity (RH) and wind velocity (WV) has shown an inverse relation with particulate deposition pattern. Page(s): 1077-1083

Interactive Effect of Botanicals and Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp Israelensis on Culex quinquefasciatus Say

2002-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Interactive Effect of Botanicals and Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp Israelensis on Culex quinquefasciatus Say Authors: Murugan, K; Thangamathi, P; Jeyabalan, D Abstract: Strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say were selected for testing insecticidal toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp Israelensis Berliner, Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) and Pongamia oil (Pongamia pinnata), singally as well as in combination. The larval, pupal and adult mortality increased significantly with increasing levels of Bii, neem oil and pongamia oil, either alone or in combination. In contrast, combination of neem oil and pongamia oil with Bii resulted in a synergestic of potentiate effect on larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. Sublethal concentrations of neem oil pongamia oil and Bii applied singally or in combination, reduce the fecundity and retarded the larval growth of C. quinquefasciatus . The emergence of adults was also studied woth Bii, neem oil and pongamia oil treatment alone and in combination. The treatment with Bii, neem oil pongamia oil affected the emergence of C. quinquefasciatus. Page(s): 1068-1076

Electrochemical Reduction Behaviour of α-Methylbenzylchloride

2002-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Electrochemical Reduction Behaviour of α-Methylbenzylchloride Authors: Damodar, J; Lateef, S K; Mohan, S Krishna; Reddy, S Jayarama Abstract: Cyclic voltammetry at hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and differential pulse polarography at dropping mercury electrode (DME) are used in two-electron cleavage of carbon-halogen bond in α - methylbenzylchloride in the presence of tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TMAHP), tetramethylammonium bromide (TEAB), tetra-n-propylammonium perchlorate (TPAP), and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as the supporting electrolytes. The reduction potentials of α - methylbenzylchloride are found to be in the range – 2.14 to -2.56V vs Ag/AgCl and arc shown to be sensitive to the nature of the cation of the supporting electrolyte. As the size of the tetraalkylammonium cation of the supporting electrolyte increases the voltammetric/polarographic peak moves towards more negative potentials. The analytical procedure is developed by differential pulse polarography for the determination of α - methylbenzylchloride during the electrosynthesis of 2-arylpropionic acids . Page(s): 1063-1067

Prediction and Enhancement of Performance of Wind Farms in India

2002-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Prediction and Enhancement of Performance of Wind Farms in India Authors: Bhatt, M Siddhartha; Jothibasu, S Abstract: The paper reports the formulae for prediction of year round performance of wind farms based on experimental data for machine of capacities ranging from 20 to 1650 kW. The effect of machine size on the annual energy yield has been studied and shown that it is possible to develop performance prediction equal ions, which are independent of the size of the machine. These equations are useful for a priori evaluation of wind turbine performance before their installation purely based on wind data. It is concluded that there is scope for improvement in the annual plant load factor by 1.0 to 3.0 percentage points by improving the grid and machine availability. Page(s): 1056-1062