NOPR Collection:

Removal characteristics of basic dyes from aqueous solution by fly ash in single and tertiary systems

2014-04-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Removal characteristics of basic dyes from aqueous solution by fly ash in single and tertiary systems Authors: Gandhimathi, R.; Ramesh, S. T.; Sindhu, V.; Nidheesh, P. V. Abstract: The use of fly ash as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of three basic dyes from their single and tertiary aqueous solution has been investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the effect of contact time and adsorbent dosage on adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution. The adsorption isotherm results indicated that the Freundlich adsorption isotherm fitted the data better than the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity of fly ash decreases in tertiary system as compared to single system indicates the competitive sorption behaviour of fly ash. Kinetic parameters of adsorption such as the pseudo first order constant and pseudo second order constant were determined. The results of the study demonstrated that the fly ash could be used as an effective low cost adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution. Page(s): 267-272

Noise mapping as a tool for controlling industrial noise pollution

2014-04-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Noise mapping as a tool for controlling industrial noise pollution Authors: Casas, W J P; Cordeiro, E P; Mello, T C; Zannin, P H T Abstract: The purpose of this work is to identify the contribution of noise from external sources to the noise pollution generated by a factory, by comparing sound pressure levels measured in its surroundings and those calculated by noise mapping. A metal-mechanical manufacturing plant was chosen and sound pressure levels were measured at discrete points along two rings around it, called receivers. The noise measurement data from the first ring were entered into the Sound Plan software to determine, through iteration, the factory’s main noise sources. The software then used this information to calculate noise maps and sound pressure levels at the receiver’s positions in the second ring. Finally, the contribution of noise from external sources to the overall noise generated by the factory was determined by comparing the noise measured in the second ring with the simulated data. The placement of partial barriers along some critically noisy walls was found to be effective in controlling nighttime noise, ensuring that the sound level limit for this type of neighborhood, which is established by technical standards for environmental noise as L_eq = 60 dB (A), is not reached. Page(s): 262-266

Condition Monitoring of rotating machinery through Vibration Analysis

2014-04-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Condition Monitoring of rotating machinery through Vibration Analysis Authors: Kumar, S Sendhil; Kumar, M Senthil Abstract: Condition monitoring, commonly referred to as predictive maintenance, a proven approach to improve the reliability and productivity in any industries. Its underlying philosophy is that technology can be used to measure and evaluate the condition of plant assets and equipment; enabling intelligent decisions in regard to maintenance activities. Maintenance processes are adopted by almost all the industries and are going well with preventive maintenance, but could not totally implement the predictive maintenance to practice, especially in the small and medium scale industries. Predictive maintenance by condition monitoring techniques will increase the efficiency, industrial safety and will reduce the maintenance cost. This paper gives the brief idea of condition monitoring in a nutshell referring to vibration analysis. Page(s): 258-261

Optimization of multiple-machining criteria in electrochemical machining of aluminum composites using design of experiments

2014-04-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Optimization of multiple-machining criteria in electrochemical machining of aluminum composites using design of experiments Authors: Rao, Sadineni Rama; Padmanabhan, G. Abstract: Electrochemical Machining (ECM) appears to be a promising non-traditional machining process to produce parts from difficult-to-machine materials with complex profiles. In ECM the machining criteria like metal removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR) and radial over cut (ROC) depends on machining parameters such as applied voltage, feed rate, electrolyte concentration, workpiece electrical conductivity etc. In composites, the electrical conductivity depends on the reinforcement content in the matrix. The salient feature of the present work is that the reinforcement content is considered as one of the machining parameter along with voltage, feed rate and electrolyte concentration and varied within the selected range for studying the effect of these parameters on the machining characteristics of electrochemical machining of LM6 Al/B₄C composites. Non-linear regression models have been formulated after conducting the experiments using the concept of central composite design of experiments and the developed models are tested with the help of twenty test cases. The quality of the machined surfaces is studied by using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images. The responses MRR, SR and ROC are optimized individually and simultaneously based on response surface methodology (RSM). The average absolute percentage error in prediction of all responses for the non-linear model is found to be equal to 9.657. Moreover, the optimal values of MRR, SR and ROC are seen to be equal to 0.778 g/min, 3.923 µm and 0.673 mm respectively. Page(s): 251-257