NOPR Collection:

Partial purification and characterization of amylase and starch from Elephant foot yam [Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume]

2014-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Partial purification and characterization of amylase and starch from Elephant foot yam [Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume] Authors: Preethi, C; Gowda, T Veerabasappa Abstract: Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) and starch from Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume (Elephant foot yam) were partially purified. Kinetic characterization of yam amylase at its optimum conditions of activity was carried out. Its activity profile was compared with that of salivary amylase upon yam and commercial potato starch as substrates. A differential behaviour in the activity of yam amylase compared to salivary amylase was observed. Presence of isoforms of amylase in yam was detected. The partially degraded yam starch appeared to be better substrate compared to native starch. Ca²⁺ ions stimulated the yam amylase activity upon endogenous starch than Na⁺and K⁺ ions. Page(s): 551-554

Clastogenic effects of synthetic food dyes using Salmonella typhimurium and Allium cepa test systems

2014-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Clastogenic effects of synthetic food dyes using Salmonella typhimurium and Allium cepa test systems Authors: Kaur, Maninder; Arora, Saroj; Nagpal, Avinash; Katnoria, Jatinder Kaur Abstract: The present study embodied the mutagenic/genotoxic potential of two most commonly used synthetic food dyes, viz., sky blue and orange red, employing Ames Salmonella histidine reversion point mutation assay and Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. It was observed that sky blue and orange red dyes showed 6-fold increase in TA100 strain from the spontaneous count, whereas they showed non-mutagenic response in TA98 tester strain of S. typhimurium. In the chromosomal aberration assay, sky blue and orange red dyes induced 50.90 and 64.48% total aberrant cells, respectively. Page(s): 547-550

Comparative study of cytokinin production isolated from bacteria and shoot induction

2014-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Comparative study of cytokinin production isolated from bacteria and shoot induction Authors: Sabat, Sasmita; Murthy, V Krishna; Shantha, S L; Kushnoor, Divyashree; Agarwal, Garima; Thomas, Jennifer; Devaraj, Surabhi Abstract: Rhizobium sp., isolated from Mimosa pudica, Bacillus subtilis BC1 and Escherichia coli K12 were investigated for their ability to produce plant growth hormones in a given production media (PM1 & PM2). Thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography were performed to analyse the amount of cytokinin produced by these microorganisms. E. coli K12 produced the highest amount (0.186 mg/L) of cytokinin in PM2 medium, while B. subtilis BC1 gave the least production amount (0.0075 mg/L) in the same medium. The microbially synthesized cytokinin was then incorporated onto the solidified MS medium for the shoot development in Phillodendron xanadu, an ornamental plant. The cytokinin produced from E. coli K12 gave more number of plantlets with thick shoot and lustrous leaves having 3.0 cm length for medium with charcoal (PM2); while comparatively less number of plantlets having 1.5 cm length for medium without charcoal. The cytokinin from B. subtilis BC1 and Rhizobium sp. gave comparatively more shoot number and more plant height on medium with charcoal in PM1 and PM2 respectively. Page(s): 544-546

Diversity of diazotrophs in tropical rice field under the influence of organic and nitrogen fertilization

2014-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Diversity of diazotrophs in tropical rice field under the influence of organic and nitrogen fertilization Authors: Sarkar, Alaknanda; Manjunath, K; Vishwakarma, Pranjali Abstract: The diversity of diazotrophic community of two different rice field of typical tropical rice agroecosystem under long-term application of nitrogen and organic fertilizer was studied. Most probable number (MPN) result revealed that organic fertilizer amended rice field (O) have higher diazotroph population than nitrogen fertilizer amended rice field (N). NifH gene based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed presence of uncultured diazotroph, Anabaena, Rhizobium, Nostoc, Azospirllium, Methylobacter, Leptolyngbya and Sinorhizobium. Diversity index of diazotroph was found higher in O soil. The study suggested that application of nitrogen fertilizer adversely affected community composition of diazotroph in comparison to organic fertilizer and the differences were found significant. Page(s): 540-543