NOPR Collection:

Efficiency and stability of carbon cloth electrodes for electricity production from different types of waste water using duel chamber microbial fuel cell

2015-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Efficiency and stability of carbon cloth electrodes for electricity production from different types of waste water using duel chamber microbial fuel cell Authors: Jain, R; Tiwari, D C; Sharma, S; Mishra, P Abstract: The electricity production from waste water collected from food industry, oil mill, pharmaceutical industry, kitchen and sewage have been studied by microbial fuel cell duel chamber assembly. The set-up was fully designed in our laboratory using acid treated and platinum coated carbon cloth as anode and cathode respectively. Electricity generation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of these types of water samples were monitored using only 50 mL of waste water in anodic chamber. All 5 samples shows good potential of energy, which is stored in the form of organic waste out of which, sewage waste water produces highest current density (1.025 mA/cm²) and power density (804.0 µW/cm²) at 7^th day of inoculation. The highest COD removal of 91% was observed with sewage waste water. The carbon cloth (CC) anode was characterized for Microbial fuel cell (MFC) application by cyclic voltammetry. The electrode shows stability for 45 days with minor change in resistivity and bio-compatibility. Page(s): 308-314

Performance evaluation of CALPUFF and AERMOD dispersion models for air quality assessment of an industrial complex

2015-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Performance evaluation of CALPUFF and AERMOD dispersion models for air quality assessment of an industrial complex Authors: Gulia, S; Kumar, A; Khare, M Abstract: Air quality model (AQM) is an essential tool for management of air quality in near field region of an industrial complex. Model validation study using site specific input data can boost the consistency on accuracy of model’s performance for air quality management. This study describes the validation of CALPUFF and AERMOD for assessment of NO_x concentrations in near field region of a steel industry in Bellary district of Karnataka state in India. Relative model performances are evaluated by comparing monitored and predicted pollutants using well referred statistical descriptors. Further, the performance of CALPUFF has evaluated with different dispersion options (i.e., PGT-ISC dispersion curve and similarity theory) and vertical layers option (i.e., two and ten vertical layers) in CALMET, meteorological pre-processor of CALUFF. Both models performed satisfactorily for predicting NO_x concentrations. Further, CALPUFF with different dispersion options performed more satisfactorily than AERMOD. CALPUFF with PGT- ISC dispersion curve option performed more satisfactorily than similarity theory based dispersion option for the selected pollutant. In addition to this, CALPUFF with two vertical layers option performed better than ten vertical layers option. The satisfactory performance of CALPUFF over AERMOD might be due to its predicting capability in calm condition, in which all plume dispersion models failed. Page(s): 302-307

Coupled Receptor-Dispersion model evaluation for the assessment of area source emission rate

2015-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Coupled Receptor-Dispersion model evaluation for the assessment of area source emission rate Authors: Anu, N; Nandagopal, M S G; Aneesh, V; Selvaraju, N Abstract: Atmospheric pollution is a major disaster in the current century. The geometry of pollutants emission from various sources has been categorised as point, area and volume. Particulate matters (PM₁₀ & PM_2.5), gaseous pollutants and volatile organic carbons (VOCs) are the significant pollutants from various source types due to natural as well as anthropogenic activities. These pollutants once entered into the atmosphere get transport due to the meteorological aspects and other reasons. Hence the cause effect of these significant species may adversely generate negative impacts on the environment called receptors. The current research work focused on the prediction of emission rate (Q, unit/sec) from an area source through a combined receptor-dispersion (shear) model analysis. The Shear model coupled with chemical mass balance receptor model will produce better emission rate estimation from an area source such as agricultural land. For this vertical mixing height (z) in the dispersion model has been considered as 2 m and the area has been divided to 100 strips of width 10 m. Shear model predicts the concentration of pollutants which is emitted from an area source. Chemical mass balance model can estimate the contribution of these sources at far distance say 1000 m from the source of emission. The results obtained from these distinct approaches have been cordially assessed for refining dispersion model parameter such as emission rate (Q, unit/sec) using coupled receptor-dispersion (area source) model. The observation was adequate for error in the emission rate increases as receptor concentration varies for 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% in both objective functions J₃ and J₄ considered. The results obtained were clearly suggests the individuals to make use of the coupled model approach for a better pollutant emission management at the location. Page(s): 296-301

Evaluation of Upstream Process parameters influencing the growth associated PHA accumulation in Bacillus sp. Ti3

2015-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Evaluation of Upstream Process parameters influencing the growth associated PHA accumulation in Bacillus sp. Ti3 Authors: Israni, N; Shivakumar, S Abstract: Batch fermentation of a newly characterized Bacillus strain, Bacillus sp. Ti3, was investigated for PHA accumulation. Time course study revealed growth associated PHA production, with maximum PHA yield 0.6 ± 0.02 g/L and 44.1 ± 0.9 % PHA accumulation coinciding with the maximum biomass stage of 24 h followed by a time dependent decline due to onset of sporulation. pH 7 supported maximum PHA yield of 0.86 ± 0.01g/L and PHA accumulation of 48.0 ± 0.72 %. Biomass of 2.1 ± 0.1 g/L and 0.92 ± 0.07 g/L PHA yield was obtained with 4% (v/v) inoculum. Glucose supplemented with casein hydrolysate gave the highest biomass 1.85 ± 0.02 g/L, PHA yield 0.96 ± 0.02 g/L and 51.6 ± 0.5 % PHA accumulation. Fermentation kinetic parameters of the Bacillus sp. Ti3 grown in batch cultures with optimized culture conditions accounted for 1.7 and 1.2 fold increase in PHA yield (0.57g/L to 0.96g/L) and PHA accumulation (44.1% to 51.6%). FTIR analysis of the polymer revealed that the strain was a potent polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producer. A relatively high yield of polyhydroxybutyrate within 24h, independent of nutrient limitation and precursors in a single growth phase makes this strain a promising option for industrial PHA production. Page(s): 290-295