NOPR Collection:

Modified Nitrophthalic Acid Alkyd Resins

1977-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Modified Nitrophthalic Acid Alkyd Resins Authors: Patel, (Miss) R. G.; Patel, V. S. Abstract: Modified nitrophthalic alkyd resins have been prepared by interacting linseed oil with glycerol and 3-nitro 4-nitrophthalic anhydride at moderate temperature. Viscous nitroresins have been reduced with sodium hydrosulphite (hydro) to aminoalkyds, which have been subsequently diazotized and coupled with β-naphthol. The azo dyes obtained from the aminoalkyds were applied on nylon fabric as a dispersed ye and its exhaustion and fixation properties were studied. The nitro, amino, acetylated amino and the azoalkyds were characterized from their IR spectra. Page(s): 31-36

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Wet Processing of Cotton Fabrics

1977-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Wet Processing of Cotton Fabrics Authors: Mehta, H. U.; Neelakantan, P.; Sparrow, J. T. Abstract: A poplin fabric was desized and subsequently given different treatments using (i) solvent, (ii) caustic in a kier under pressure, and (iii) sodium carbonate at atmospheric pressure in the laboratory. The desized sample and the three scoured samples were bleached by mild and severe processes using sodium hypochlorite. All the bleached samples were subsequently mercerized conventionally in a mill. A scanning electron microscopic study of the above fabrics reveals that increasing severity of chemical processing conditions increases fibre damage. The fibre damage appears to be maximum with the fabric processed under the following sequence: desized-kier boiled-severely bleached-mercerized. The damage was minimum in the case of a desized mild bleached-mercerized sequence. Surprisingly, the fibre damage is always restricted to the warp crown fibres, while the rest of the warp and all the weft fibres appear undamaged under the severest conditions employed. The physical properties of the fabric were measured at different stages. Tear strength and flex abrasion cycles decrease considerably with the processing steps, but the tensile strength does not change significantly. A comparison of the deterioration in properties suggests that solvent scouring and kier boiling operations are more drastic than an open soda boil, which is obviously more severe than desizing alone. Page(s): 24-30

Kinetics and Mechanism of Hypochlorite Oxidation of Polyvinyl Alcohol

1977-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Kinetics and Mechanism of Hypochlorite Oxidation of Polyvinyl Alcohol Authors: Amin, G. C.; Wadekar, S. D.; Mehta, H. U. Abstract: The kinetics of oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol, FH-17, with sodium hypochlorite has been studied. The effects of buffer concentration, pH, initial oxidant concentration and temperature of reaction on the rate of reaction have been investigated. The experimental data indicate that the reaction is first order with respect to hypochlorite concentration. Additional data on change in the rate of reaction with pH lend support to the results of earlier studies of this type on carbohydrates and confirm the participation of hydroxyl group in the reaction. A mechanism based on the observed data has been proposed explaining the rate retarding effect of increasing alkalinity or acidity of the medium. Page(s): 20-23

Strength- Elongation Characteristics of Indian Cottons

1977-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Strength- Elongation Characteristics of Indian Cottons Authors: Munshi, V. G.; Pal, (Mrs) S. D.; Warrier, (Mrs) J. K. S. Abstract: The basic data on the strength-elongation characteristics of 40 Indian cottons belonging to the major botanica species are presented. The elongation values determined using the Stelometer have been found to be practically the same as those determined with the Instron. Hence, for routine Work-elongation values given by the Stelomete instead of the Instron can be employed for ranking cottons according to elongation. Page(s): 18-19