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Characterization of CT Cancer Lung Image Using Image Compression Algorithms and Feature Extraction

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Characterization of CT Cancer Lung Image Using Image Compression Algorithms and Feature Extraction Authors: Pandian, R; Vigneswaran, T; Lalithakumari, S Abstract: Image compression techniques find an extensive role in the field of biomedical image processing. Transform based image compression algorithms efficiency is mainly depending on the decoding methods, adopted. In this work, wavelet Transform based compression algorithms are developed for computer tomography image. Symlet based transformation of the CT images of lung are proposed in this work for the decomposition of the CT medical image. The decomposed images are encoded using the various encoding techniques such as Embedded Zero wavelet, (EZW), Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT).The developed compression algorithms are evaluated in terms of PSNR, Compression ratio, Means square error and bits per pixel. The optimum compression algorithm is also found based on the results obtained, so as to characterize the CT image the features are extracted and it is proven that after compression, the CT images show its ability for identifying types of defects. The results are an indicator to the promising application of this for medical image compression schemes. This paper provides the approach and analysis methodologies and the results obtained. Page(s): 747-751

Influence of Different Substrates on Lignolytic Enzyme Production in Improved Strains of Wood Ear Mushroom (Auricularia Species)

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Influence of Different Substrates on Lignolytic Enzyme Production in Improved Strains of Wood Ear Mushroom (Auricularia Species) Authors: Elizabeth, T Abikoye; Julius, K Oloke; Ekaette, N Dike; Sudipta, S Bora; Das, S; Barooah, M Abstract: Commercial cultivation of Wood Ear mushrooms (Genus: Auricularia) has not been successful in Nigeria, due to lack of improved strains. Our initial study indicated that this mushroom can be artificially cultivated on different agro-forestry wastes. These waste are utilized through secretion of oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme complexes by the mushrooms. Therefore, strains with increased ability to produce these enzymes and utilize the substrates are desired. Two strains, Auricularia polytricha (strain EW1) and Auricularia subglabra (strain EW2) collected from wilds of Nigeria were mutated by UV- light exposure. Mutant strains were generated from each wild (EW1M1, EW1M2, EW2M1 and EW2M2) types. The ability of these strains to produce hydrolytic enzymes such as xylanases, cellulases and lignin peroxidase was investigated on different carbon sources viz., maltose, xylose, starch, oat, sawdust, paddy straw, rice grain and wheat bran. Mutant EW2M2 produced the highest amount of cellulases with maltose as substrate (0.444 Uml^-1). The highest xylanase activity was exhibited by mutant (EW2M2) with xylose as the substrate (2.615 Uml^-1). Mutant EW2M2 exhibited the highest lignin peroxidase activity (1.49 Uml^-1) in presence of maltose. Efficient degradation of other agro-industrial wastes also demonstrated that the strains have the ability to utilize complex carbon sources as substrates. This study reports an improved performance of the mutants (EW1M2) and (EW2M2) strains of Auricularia species in oxidative/hydrolytic enzyme production over the wild types. Page(s): 740-746

A Novel Pre-Fabrication Technology to Produce Textile Reinforced Concrete Structural and Non-Structural Components

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A Novel Pre-Fabrication Technology to Produce Textile Reinforced Concrete Structural and Non-Structural Components Authors: Gopinath, S; Murthy, A R; Iyer, N R Abstract: The present paper gives an outline about a novel manufacturing technology developed to produce textile reinforced concrete (TRC) components. Recently, the construction sector has adapted and gained popularity for the use of fiber and textile reinforced concrete in many western countries in many applications. It is convincingly proved that TRC can be used both in standalone applications and also as a repair and retrofitting material. However, the use of these materials in India is yet to be popularized mainly due to lack of awareness about the potential of these materials, lack of codal provisions and guidelines for implementation in site and unawareness of construction technologies. Hence, this paper tries to bring in an insight into the various possibilities TRC can offer along with a ready to use technology, named as textile reinforced concrete prototyping technology (TRCPT) developed at CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre. Page(s): 735-739

Conservative Level Set Simulation of Droplet Formation in a Circular T and Y Junction Microchannel

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Conservative Level Set Simulation of Droplet Formation in a Circular T and Y Junction Microchannel Authors: Nandagopal, G M S; Antony, R; Rakesh, A K O; Selvaraju, N Abstract: Conservative two-phase level set simulations of the droplet formation in a T-junction circular microchannel of aqueous droplets in an oil based continuous phase have been carried out. Detailed understanding of the physical processes affecting droplet formation is desirable. The particular focus of this study was to examine the effects of wettability, surface tension, flow rate ratio, channel diameter and channel geometry on droplet formation. From the simulated results it was observed that, when the contact angle is increased from 35⁰ 170⁰, droplet diameter increased gradually for T and Y junction microchannel. Diameter of droplet decreased when the flow rate ratio (Qo/Qw) is increased. When the geometry of the microchannel is altered, rectangular microchannel has found to produce elongated droplets than the square and circular microchannels. While, circular microchannels generated smaller droplet diameter when compared to the square and rectangular microchannels. When the interfacial tension was increased from 1e-3 N/m to 8e-3 N/m the droplet diameter also increased for T and Y Junction microchannel. And, when the diameter of microchannel is decreased from 120 μm to 40 μm there was a decrease in droplet diameter for both T and Y junction microchannels. Page(s): 730-734