NOPR Collection: Special issue on Translation from Biomarker Discovery to Clinical Relevance (Guest Editor: Subir Kumar Das)

A review on application of biomarkers in heart failure

2018-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A review on application of biomarkers in heart failure Authors: Indumathi, Bobbala; Katkam, Shiva Krishna; Kutala, Vijay Kumar Abstract: Heart failure (HF) remains the leading cause of death in the elderly population. Since last decade there is an advance in the field of biomarkers in managing these patients. Hence identifying novel and potential biomarkers that help in accessing the risk, predicting the disease and monitoring the prognosis is very crucial in reducing the overall morbidity and mortality. These biomarkers are elevated mainly in response to myocardial stress, dynamic changes in extracellular matrix, myocyte necrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The biomarker that has good clinical correlations may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of HF. Understanding the role of each biomarker and their clinical implication is very crucial. In this review, we summarize the attainments and challenges of using different types of biomarkers in HF. Page(s): 303-313

Novel biomarkers for inborn errors of metabolism in the metabolomics era

2018-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Novel biomarkers for inborn errors of metabolism in the metabolomics era Authors: Vaidyanathan, Kannan; Gopalakrishnan, Sandhya Abstract: Inborn errors of metabolism arise due to deficiency of enzymes in metabolic pathways. Recent years have seen the onset of novel technologies like proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and urinomics. In the past many novel biomarkers have been developed like succinyl acetone for tyrosinemia, a number of organic acids for organic acidurias, acylcarnitines for the detection of fatty acid oxidation disorders and organic acidurias etc. With the advent of the -omics technologies, the number of novel biomarkers has increased dramatically. The use of techniques like mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy has led to a faster diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism and smaller sample requirement. Hundreds of markers can be detected in a single urine sample, making diagnosis easier. There is an urgent need for implementing such techniques into routine practice in India. Page(s): 314-320

Trianthema portulacastrum L. extract protects against gamma radiation induced human red blood cell membrane damage in vitro

2018-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Trianthema portulacastrum L. extract protects against gamma radiation induced human red blood cell membrane damage in vitro Authors: Das, Uttam; Saha, Tanmay; Das, Subir Kumar Abstract: Radiation-induced oxidation of membrane lipids and proteins appear to be responsible for damaging the red cell membranes. The membrane integrity of circulating red blood cells (RBCs) is compromised by the deleterious action of γ-radiation in humans. Trianthema portulacastrum L. is an inexpensive, non-toxic herb commonly used in ayurvedic medicine due to its significant pharmacological activities. Methanolic extract of different parts of T. portulacastrum L. contain carbohydrates, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids; whereas saponin is present only in root extract, while cardiac glycosides are absent in root extract. Here, we explored the radio-protective role of leaf, stem, root and whole plant extracts of T. portulacastrum L. against the γ-radiation induced membrane damage of human red blood cells (RBCs). The RBCs on γ-irradiation (4 Gy) exposure showed elevated TBARS level while inhibited ATPase activities in the membrane ghosts. Treatment of RBCs-with different extracts of T. portulacastrum L. at different doses (50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, 200 µg/mL) 1h prior to the exposure of γ-radiation significantly mitigated these changes in the RBC membranes due to presence of antioxidants in the extracts. Page(s): 321-327

Effect of resveratrol on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in monocyte cultures from PBMC’s of patients with myocardial infarction

2018-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Effect of resveratrol on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in monocyte cultures from PBMC’s of patients with myocardial infarction Authors: Shireen; Chugtai, Anjum; Hasan, Wasil; Mahdi, Abbas Ali; Islam, Najmul Abstract: Globally, one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity is ischemic heart disease (IHD). It has been established that in cardiac disorders, there exists a synergistic correlation between the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. The stabilization and regulation of the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in these patients is essential for the better management of the disease. Hence, the aim of this study was to study the effect of natural antioxidant, resveratrol, on the oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in cultures of monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patients with myocardial infarction. Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s) of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and healthy controls were employed in culture studies (with and without resveratrol). The 24 h cultures were subjected to evaluation of cytokine/ interleukins levels i.e. TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 as well as oxidative stress markers like MDA and Glutathione. The patient’s samples exhibited a significantly decreased level of intramonocyte glutathione as compared to samples of healthy subjects. On the other hand, significantly increased levels of MDA were observed in culture supernatants of monocytes isolated from PBMC’s of patients with MI in comparison to those of healthy controls. A significant degree of amelioration in intramonocyte glutathione levels coupled with decreased MDA levels (culture supernatants) were observed in cultures treated with resveratrol (20 ug/mL). Furthermore, 24 h culture supernatants of untreated patients cells exhibited augmented levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. However, co-culturing with resveratrol exhibited a significant decrease in the levels of all the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α. Resveratrol—a potent polyphenol from grapes and also a natural antioxidant regulates the oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers and may be used as a prophylactic antioxidant in high risk patients. Page(s): 328-333