NOPR Collection: [Pages 145-230]

Neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effect of whole red rice forms against oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

2020-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effect of whole red rice forms against oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Authors: Saroj, Yadav; Hameeda, Itagi B; Jayadeep, A Abstract: Whole red rice (Oryza sativa L.), consumed as staple food in many countries worldwide, is rich in phytochemicals, mainly antioxidants having health potency. The present study evaluated the neuro- and hepatoprotective efficacy of raw and parboiled whole red rice against streptozotocin (STZ) induced oxidative stress, and antioxidant metabolism both in diabetic and normal non-diabetic rats. Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body wt.), supplemented with raw and parboiled whole red rice for six weeks. Results revealed a drastic increase in oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO) level, hydroperoxide (HP) level; antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductases (TR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and decrease in endogenous antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) in diabetic rat. On the other hand, addition of raw and parboiled whole red rice in the diet counteracted the STZ induced oxidative stress in diabetic groups and improved the neuro and hepatic antioxidant system. Both, parboiled and raw red rice forms, exercised similar impacts in diabetic as well as in normal rats suggesting improved antioxidant defence mechanism. Results have shown that the whole red rice possess antidiabetic potential with the antioxidant improving ability, and could be utilized as dietary supplements in diabetes management. Page(s): 151-160

Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of roots of Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr. on D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats by downregulation of inflammatory mediators like TNFα, COX-2 and iNOS

2020-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of roots of Tetracera akara (Burm. f.) Merr. on D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats by downregulation of inflammatory mediators like TNFα, COX-2 and iNOS Authors: Nair, Ragesh R; Suja, SR; Aneeshkumar, AL; Bhaskar, Shobha; Vilash, V; Rajasekharan, S Abstract: Tetracera akara, a climbing shrub locally called Nennalvalli or Pattuvalli, is an ethnomedicinal plant used by Kani tribe of Kerala to treat chronic liver disorders and inflammatory conditions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of roots of Tetracera akara root on D-Galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN (400 mg/kg in saline) in Wistar rats. Ethanolic extract of T. akara root (TA ETH) was administered to the experimental rats in varying doses of (50, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day), p. o. for 7 days. The hepatoprotective effect was evaluated by the estimation of biochemical markers of hepatic injury, anti-oxidant status of the liver by estimating hepatic catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde, gene and protein expression level of inflammatory marker genes and histopathological evaluation of experimental animals. Administration of TA ETH (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly (P ≤0.05) restored the levels of serum bilirubin, protein and other hepatic enzymes almost comparable to the standard drug Silymarin-treated groups. The levels of antioxidant enzymes like SOD and CAT were elevated and lipid peroxidation was inhibited as evident from the reduced levels of MDA. The gene expression studies by quantitative PCR method showed that TA ETH significantly (P ≤0.05) downregulated pro inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory COX-2 genes and upregulated IL 10 gene levels in D-GalN induced liver tissue, which was further confirmed in protein estimation by ELISA method. The histopathological observations were in correlation with the biochemical findings showing the presence of normal hepatic architecture, which further evidenced the hepatoprotective effect of TA ETH. Ethanolic extract of the root of T. akara possesses significant hepatoprotective activity mainly by scavenging reactive free radicals, boosting the endogenous antioxidant system in liver and inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediator like TNF α, COX-2, iNOS and promoting the anti-inflammatory IL 10, thus substantiating the tribal claim. Page(s): 161-171

Modulation of glucose transporter proteins by polyphenolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton in experimental type 2 diabetic rats

2020-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Modulation of glucose transporter proteins by polyphenolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton in experimental type 2 diabetic rats Authors: Chidambaram, Kumarappan; John, Cini Mathew; Das, Sunil Christu; Venkatesan, Kumar; Siddalingam, Rajinikanth Abstract: Traditionally, in India, the decoction of Black creeper, Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton leaves is used to treatment diabetes mellitus. However, its molecular mechanisms of antihyperglycemic effects have not been completely studied. Due to the potential antidiabetic effect of I. frutescens, we hypothesized that the polyphonic extract might add to glucose uptake through improvement in the expression of genes of the glucose transporter (GLUT) family messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liver and adipose tissues. Experimentally, diabetes mellitus was induced in Wistar rats through i.p. injection of freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). This was done 15 minutes after the administration of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, ip). Serum level of insulin and C-peptide were analyzed using standard methods. Glucose metabolism by the hepatocytes and adipocytes were also analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR mRNA expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), GLUT2 in the hepatocytes, and GLUT4 in the adipocytes. The hemidiaphragm were also isolated and processed to study in-vitro peripheral glucose utilization. Results of the present investigation suggest that STZ-NA induced diabetes is associated with hyperglycemia, altered levels of PCK1 and glucose transporters gene expression as well as decreased levels of insulin and C-peptide. On the other hand, the outcome of the daily oral administration of PPE to STZ-NA induced diabetic rats at different doses (150 and 300 mg/kg bodywt.) for 30 days supports our hypothesis by showing significant improvement of insulin levels, C-peptide level, downregulation of PCK1 and upregulation of GLUT (2, 4) mRNA expression levels when compared to those of diabetic rats. The administration of PPE had also increased the uptake of glucose by rat hemidiaphragm significantly. Findings from this study demonstrate that PPE enhances peripheral glucose uptake through glycogenesis pathway, mediated by upregulation of GLUT2 and GLUT4, and downregulation of PCK1. Our study suggests that the leaf of I. frutescens is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds, including those with an insulin-sensitizing function that may have the potential for treating or managing diabetes or insulin resistance. Page(s): 172-180

Anticancer activity of curcumin alone and in combination with piperine in Dalton lymphoma ascites bearing mice

2020-03-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Anticancer activity of curcumin alone and in combination with piperine in Dalton lymphoma ascites bearing mice Authors: Danduga, Ravi Chandra Sekhara Reddy; Kola, Phani Kumar; Matli, Bhargavi Abstract: Curcumin has been reported for its anticancer activity, but clinically it suffers from low bioavailability. In this context, we explored the potential of a natural bioavailability enhancing agent piperine in the present study. Piperine too has anticancer activity, and thereby combination of these two natural ingredients were tested for better therapeutic use. Curcumin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg), piperine (10 mg/kg) alone and in combination was evaluated in Dalton lymphoma ascites (DLA) bearing mice by assessing various biochemical and histopathological parameters. Treatment with the curcumin at two different concentrations and piperine alone has shown some therapeutic benefit in reducing the tumors and increased the lifespan of the tested animals (%ILS). The treatment groups have shown significant therapeutic benefits in restoration of hematological and biochemical parameters, particularly in combination treatment groups. Precisely, curcumin and piperine in combination have shown more significant influence in the restoration of various hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological observations also revealed that combination of curcumin and piperine improves repairing of the tissue damage due to inoculation of lymphoma significantly. Page(s): 181-189