http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57186 2026-10-08T19:37:24Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57218 Title: Cellular investigations to uncover curative potentials of polyphenols- An in vitro study of Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) and Chrysin against Alzheimer's like pathology via down-regulation of AChE activity Authors: Tripathi, S; Mazumder, P M Abstract: Amyloid aggregation and neurofibrillary pathology is the characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Streptozotocin (STZ) is a glucosamine nitrosourea compound that is toxic to the cells, impairs insulin signaling in the brain. STZ induces DNA damage and oxidative stress, which leads to cognitive impairments. In this experimental study, STZ treatment induces Alzheimer's pathology in mouse neuroblastoma (N2A) cells. The study also explored the protection of cellular damage by pre-treatment with test drugs Apple cider vinegar (ACV), chrysin and rivastigmine. This study had been concentrated mainly on the cellular mechanism of neuromodulation and anti –oxidant potency of test drugs to attenuate cellular toxicity induced by STZ treatment. The 100 µM concentration of STZ was used for treatment in N2A cells for 24 h and 48 h and multiple studies were performed. The STZ causes tau phosphorylation, amyloid aggregation and increased acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity. Along with STZ at a concentration of 100 µM, the cells were pre-treated with ACV, chrysin and rivastigmine at a concentration of 2, 10, 50 µM each. The results show that 2 µM test drug concentration presented considerable protection, against STZ generated neurocytotoxicity via. restoration of anti-oxidant enzymes, MDA and AChE level, compared to the other two concentrations. Page(s): 320-328 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57217 Title: Study of phytochemical content, antioxidant and larvicidal property of different solvent extracts of Clerodendrum infortunatum and Citrus grandis Authors: Swargiary, A; Brahma, K; Boro, T; Daimari, M; Roy, M K Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and larvicidal property of different solvent extracts of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum and fruit peel of Citrus grandis. The antioxidant property was studied by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were estimated following standard protocols. Larvicidal activity of the plant extracts were evaluated following standard WHO protocol. In a series of test doses (100 to 2000 μg/mL), 20 numbers of Aedes aegypti larvae were exposed and the mortality was recorded after 24 h and LC50 were calculated. The study showed that the C. grandis extracts have better phytochemical, antioxidant and larvicidal activity compared to C. infortunatum. Among the four solvent fractions, diethyl ether extract showed higher activity in both the plants. The present study thus showed potential larvicidal property of the plants against A. aegypti. However, further characterization and identification of active compound (s) need to be carried out to study the exact mode of action. Page(s): 329-334 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57216 Title: The practice of using medicinal plants by local herbalists in Cavite, Philippines Authors: Caunca, E S; Balinado, L O Abstract: Medicinal plants are widely spread all over the Philippines and the knowledge of their utilization is held by various distinct local groups. This study was conducted to document this oral tradition which is threatened to be lost due to rapid urbanization. This paper aims to provide a documentation of the local knowledge and practices on medicinal plant utilization in the urban province of Cavite, Philippines. Ninety-four informants were identified and interviewed. A total of 106 medicinal plants that belong to 50 families, mostly represented by Lamiaceae were documented. Most of these plants are cultivated herbs in which leaves are in the highest preference for the used plant organ. Also, medicinal preparations are usually employed internally as decoctions. This study demonstrates wide range of plant species of medicinal value in Cavite and the role that these traditional knowledge and practices are playing in supporting the local health care system. More importantly, the medicinal uses reported in this study could be scientifically tested for safety and efficacy for possible pharmaceutical applications in the future. Page(s): 335-343 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57215 Title: In vitro anticoagulant effect of methanolic extracts of Artemisia herba-alba, Achillea fragrantissima and Citrullus colocynthis grown in Saudi Arabia Authors: Alabdallat, Nessrin G; Dukhyil, Abdul Aziz A Bin Abstract: Several medicinal plants are known to possess anticoagulant activity. This study proposed to evaluate the in vitro anticoagulant effect of methanol extracts of Citrullus colocynthis (fruits), Achillea fragrantissima (aerial parts) and Artemisia herba-alba (aerial parts) on normal human plasma. A total of 100 blood samples used in this study were taken from healthy volunteers at the Hematology laboratory of King Khalid Hospital, Al-Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from November 2018 to March 2019, using 3.2% sodium citrate tubes with a collection ratio of 9:1 blood to anticoagulant. PT, INR and PTT were used to assess the anticoagulant activity of these plants. The highest PT results were observed for 1000 µg/mL methanol extract of C. colocynthis (33.7±3.4 s) followed by 1000 µg/mL methanol extract of A. fragrantissima (28.2±2.6 s) and 1000 µg/mL methanol extract of A. herba-alba (26.4±0.2 s). Moreover, the highest PTT values were observed for 250, 500 and 1000 µg/mL A. fragrantissima (87.9±1.0, 97.9±5.1 and 112.5±1.1 s, respectively), 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL C. colocynthis (65.1±1.0 and 106.4±0.4 s, respectively) and 1000 µg/mL A. herba-alba (157.0±3.0 s). The anticoagulant effect of methanol extracts of A. herba-alba, A. fragrantissima, and C. colocynthis were evaluated using coagulation assays, in which prolonged clotting time of their methanol extracts was observed. These findings potentially justify the use of these plants in managing arterial and venous thrombotic disorders. Page(s): 344-350 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z