http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57219 <b> [Pages 281-356]</b> 2026-10-12T18:45:18Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57227 Title: Alterations in physicochemical characteristics of blood plasma in men with prostate tumors Authors: Kotrikadze, Nanuli; Bochorishvili, Irma; Alibegashvili, Manana; Ramishvili, Liana; Nakashidze, Irina; Chigogidze, Teimuraz; Gordeziani, Manana; Khazaradze, Ana; Sepiashvili, Bela; Gabunia, Nino; Monaselidze, Jamlet; Ahmad, Sarfraz Abstract: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men worldwide. Therefore, identification of specific biomarkers for early dignosis are crucial prerequisites for efficient treatment of patients. We investigated alterations in the physicochemical characteristics of blood plasma proteins from men with prostate tumors, and its diagnostic significance with the identified alterations. Blood plasma of patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BHP), BHP with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) regions and Cancer of Prostate (CaP) were used. Spectroscopic and SDS-PAGE methodologies were utilized for examining alterations in the physicochemical characteristics of blood plasma proteins. Relationship between alterations of the first-peak fluorescence intensities and prostate tumor progression was observed. Also, increased intensity of the second-peak corresponding to nicotinamide co-enzymes (NADH and NADPH) was noted in BHP-with-HGPIN and CaP specimens. The main peak maximum (Td) was observed at 66-67°C in BHP plasma and at 63-64°C in BHP-with-HGPIN regions and CaP. In BHP and BHP-with-HGPIN regions, an arm was noted at 70-71°С. The portions of thermostable proteins (acute phase proteins) were increased and modified proteins were formed in plasmas during the malignant transformation. Recorded fluorescence spectra allowed to differentiate prostate tumors and determine the disease progression. Differential scanning calorimetry markedly differentiated benign BHP-with-HGPIN regions and CaP, which shows the diagnostic importance of the method. Page(s): 285-293 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57226 Title: Antiurolithiatic activity of trans-cinnamic acid against ethylene glycol induced renal calculi in rats Authors: Upadhyay, Yagna Y.; Airao, Vishal B.; Sharma, Tejas P.; Baravalia, Yogesh K.; Sheth, Navin R.; Parmar, Sachin K. Abstract: Urolithiasis is a complex process characterized by supersaturation and retention of salts within the kidney and also a debilitating problem worldwide. Here, we have investigated antiurolithiatic effect of trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) against ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in rats. Urolithiasis was induced in Wistar albino rats using 0.75% v/v EG in drinking water for 28 days. t-CA was administered @200 and 400 mg/kg along with EG for 28 days. Biochemical, urine and histopathological analysis were performed to observe the calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) deposits and renal tissue damage. The EG group showed significant rise in urine oxalate, calcium, phosphate, and renal tissues oxalates, as compared to normal group. Serum creatinine and uric acid levels were also increased significantly in EG-treated group. Histopathological studies showed marked renal tissue damage and the presence of CaC2O4 crystals. Further, treatment of t-CA significantly ameliorated oxalate, calcium, magnesium, phosphate (urine) and creatinine, uric acid (serum) in EG-induced urolithiasis after 28 days. Moreover, t-CA-treated groups showed reversal of renal tissue damage and reduced level of CaC2O4. Interestingly, t-CA @400 mg/kg, was more effective in preventing the urolithiasis and regeneration of renal tissues in rats. Page(s): 294-301 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57225 Title: Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Bituminaria sp. genotypes at different growth stages Authors: Darcan, Cihan; Kaygusuz, Özge; Leblebici, Sema; Gülümser, Erdem; Acar, Zeki Abstract: Plants have secondary metabolites that play a role in defense mechanism are known to have effects on microorganisms. These metabolites and their amounts vary depending upon various factors. Here, we studied the antimicrobial effect of secondary metabolites of Bituminaria sp. genotypes and explored whether this effect changes with different growing stages of the plant. The results show that extracts obtained from 12 B. bituminosa genotypes were not significantly effective on Gram-negative bacteria but highly effective on Gram-positive bacteria and eukaryotic yeast. Of these genotypes, 9 and 12 genotype were more effective than the rest. Observations suggest that the extracts from the plants are more effective during the beginning of flowering stage than the growth and budding stages for the bacteria studied. It could be due to the differences in the nature of the metabolites and their quantity. Page(s): 302-309 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/57224 Title: Anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and DNA protective potential of mushroom Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Quél.) Kotl. Authors: Sevindik, Mustafa Abstract: Mushrooms are important natural materials used in complementary medicine. In this context, the present study investigates the biological activities and phenolic content of mushroom Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Quél.) Kotl. Methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of the mushroom was used in the study. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured with Rel assay kits. DNA protective activity was determined with pBR 322 supercoil DNA. The effects of the extracts on lung cancer A549 cell line were tested to determine the cytotoxic effects. Antimicrobial activities were tested using 9 microorganisms with the modified agar dilution method. The mushroom MeOH and DCM extracts exhibited the highest activity against Candida glabrata, C. albicans and C. krusei. It was also determined that L. gentianeus had a high antioxidant potential. Furthermore, it was identified that DNA protective and cytotoxic activities of the mushroom were also present. Analysis for phenolic contents using HPLC revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid and coumaric acid. Overall results suggest that the mushroom L. gentianeus has considerable pharmacological potential, particularly anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and DNA protective action. Page(s): 310-315 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z