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Indian herbal formulation Kaba Sura Kudineer possesses the most powerful ligands to block ACE2-RBD interaction of SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Indian herbal formulation Kaba Sura Kudineer possesses the most powerful ligands to block ACE2-RBD interaction of SARS-CoV-2 infection Authors: Nagarajan, Sangeetha; Madhavan, Shenbagam; L, Ramya Abstract: Medicinal herbs play an important role in the primary health care system of developing countries and always uphold the importance of ethnomedicinal studies in the drug discovery process. Indian Siddha practitioners urged people to consume a polyherbal formulation named ‗Kaba Sura kudineer (KSK)‘ as a prophylactic measure against COVID-19. To validate the presence of anti-COVID 19 agents if any in KSK, virtual screening of 80 phytochemicals was done by blind docking, fixing the RBD-ACE2 complex as the target using PyRx software. The binding energy of the compounds was calculated using Autodock Vina. The SWISSADME server was used to identify the phytochemicals that obey the Lipinski rule and the blood-brain barrier permeability of the compounds. The outcome of the study revealed that phytochemicals such as diosgenin, diosgenone, coumaperine, bisdemethoxycurcumin, tinocordifolin, isovanillinand 1,8-Cineole displayed hydrogen bond interactions with the complex residues in the interacting site (−8.9 to −5.1 kcal/mol) and were found to obey the Lipinski rule as well as possess blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Based on the highest docking score and the more number of interacting residues at the active site herein we suggest diosgenin and bisdemethoxycurcumin as potential inhibitors of SARS-Co-V-2. Page(s): 885-890

Could nature be the solution- A review on selected folklore medicinal plants with antiviral activities repurposed for COVID-19 treatment

2021-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Could nature be the solution- A review on selected folklore medicinal plants with antiviral activities repurposed for COVID-19 treatment Authors: Goyal, Arvind Kumar; Middha, Sushil Kumar; Usha, Talambedu Abstract: The outbreak and rapid spread of novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in global pandemic. The purpose of this work is to provide an ethnopharmacological overview of selected medicinal plants having antiviral activity along with their applications to treat COVID-19 related symptoms based on fragmented literature. Hundreds of published research articles were screened and reviewed using online search engines such as PubMed, PMC and Google Scholar with relevant keywords related to coronavirus, antiviral medicinal plants, phytochemical compounds, cough and fever. A total of 12 plants having antiviral activity against a number of viruses were documented with their probable mechanism of action. Most of the studied plants and their compounds were also reported to have other therapeutic potentials and were used to boost immunity, treat cough, fever, tiredness, difficulty in breathing and diarrhoea, which are common symptoms of COVID-19 infections as per World Health Organization. This review hopefully opens a new horizon in the development of antiviral drug against novel coronavirus COVID-19. Page(s): 891-901

Bioactivity guided fractionation of Icacina trichantha Oliv. (Icacinaceae) tuber for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected mice and GC-MS profile of bioactive fraction

2021-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Bioactivity guided fractionation of Icacina trichantha Oliv. (Icacinaceae) tuber for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected mice and GC-MS profile of bioactive fraction Authors: Adaka, I C; Uzor, P F; Nwodo, N J Abstract: Aqueous methanol extract of the tuber of Icacina trichantha was prepared using cold maceration and dried in vacuo at 40°C. The extract was purified using solvent-solvent partitioning with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol. n-Hexane fraction was purified using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography, eluting with a gradient of dichloromethane in methanol (9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 0:10, each 500 mL) to obtain four sub-fractions. Acute toxicity study was done using Lorke’s method while in vivo anti-malarial study was carried out using suppressive model. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard procedure and most active sub-fraction was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg caused a significant (p<0.001) increase in percentage suppression of Plasmodium: 91.54 %, 94.48 % and 94.58% respectively. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids saponin, glycoside, terpenoids, phenols, steroids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of eighteen compounds, the most abundant compound includes 9- octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (oleic acid, 15.30%), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z), methyl ester (linoleic acid, 14.34%). These findings suggest scientific evidence in support to the use of I. trichantha tuber for the management of malaria. Page(s): 902-912

Bioactivity guided isolation and characterization of antimicrobial principle from Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb.

2021-10-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Bioactivity guided isolation and characterization of antimicrobial principle from Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. Authors: Sood, Kaushal; Yadav, R N S Abstract: Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. (Family Araliaceae) has been used in traditional herbal medicine as a substitute of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Although, the latter has been studied extensively and various biologically active constituents have been reported, the former has not been studied for its active constituents. The current study followed activity guided isolation and identification of the fraction with antimicrobial activity from H. javanica. Plant extracts were prepared by extracting successively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using gram positive and gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Bioactivity-guided isolation was carried out by preparative thin layer chromatography and bioautography. Cytotoxicity of the most active antimicrobial principle was evaluated against Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and Adenocarcinomic Human Alveolar Basal Epithelial (A549) cell lines. The tentative structure of the most active antimicrobial principle was constructed from the data obtained from FTIR, MS, H-NMR and C-NMR. Page(s): 913-919