NOPR Collection: [Pages 75-154]

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer potential of Streptomyces species isolated from the rhizosphere of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.

2022-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer potential of Streptomyces species isolated from the rhizosphere of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. Authors: Abdallah, Omnia M; Tolba, Sahar TM; Mohamed, Mohamed Ragaa Abstract: Free radicals produced through biochemical processes cause dangerous health problems due to their oxidative effect on cellular proteins and lipids. There is an urgent need for natural antioxidants to be used as therapeutic agents. Streptomyces are known as producers for antioxidants, in this study, two Streptomyces species were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of mangrove tree Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. The isolates were identified by conventional as well as molecular methods as Streptomyces atrovirens (MS5) and S. labedae (MR15). The ethyl acetate extracts of cell free production broth medium of the two isolates demonstrated potent biological activities against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Moreover, a radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay with significant inhibition percentage of 62 and 78%, respectively, was recorded. The IC50 values were 3000 and 241 μg/mL (P <0.05) for S.atrovirens (MS5) and S. labedae (MR15), respectively. Streptomyces atrovirens extract showed anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG-2) and colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116) cell lines with 61 and 50.6%, respectively, while S. labedae (MR15) showed anticancer activity against all the tested cell lines with 92.9 and 85.89% against (HepG-2) and (HCT-116) compared to the control cells and showed selective cytotoxicity. LC-MS/MS analyses revealed the presence of compounds with known antioxidant and anticancer activities such as Gamma Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Indole-3-carboxyaldehyde, linoleic acid and phenyl chromen-4-one derivative with various intensities. Page(s): 81-90

Ameliorative impacts of floral extract of Salvia species on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats renal ischemia/reperfusion

2022-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Ameliorative impacts of floral extract of Salvia species on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats renal ischemia/reperfusion Authors: Ipek, Ertorun; Gülşen, Ciftci Akalin; Nilgun, Ozturk; Ilham, Eroz Poyraz; Semih, Oz; Orhan, Ozatik; Ozkan, Alatas Abstract: I/R injury is a potentially serious problem that is encountered during a variety of medical and surgical procedures, such as thrombolytic therapy, organ transplantation and coronary angioplasty, The basic pathophysiology of I/R injury is microvascular dysfunction which is developed following reperfusion of ischemic tissues. It has clinical importance because of its frequent occurrence and mortality in some surgical conditions such as renal transplantation. Here, we investigated the protective effect of Salvia extracts on kidneys against I/R injury. Forty Spraque Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. Right nephrectomy was performed to all groups. Gr. I, control; Gr. II, I/R; Gr. III & IV, I/R+50 and I/R+100 mg/kg Salvia floral extract; and Gr. V with I/R+50 mg/kg Rosmarinic acid. Salvia and Rosmarinic acid for 7 days was given single dose as a gavage.60 min ischemia, 60 min reperfusion were applied to groups except control. Intracardiac blood samples were taken, Blood urea nitrogen, creatine, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide and chitotriosidase levels were detected. Mean values were evaluated by statistical analysis. The renal tissues were examined under light microscopy. Based on our biochemical and histological data, Salvia floral extract has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against renal structure and function. Page(s): 91-100

Quantification of phytochemicals in Muli bamboo [Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz] leaf and shoot extracts and immunomodulatory effect of dietary ethanolic leaves extract on Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

2022-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Quantification of phytochemicals in Muli bamboo [Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz] leaf and shoot extracts and immunomodulatory effect of dietary ethanolic leaves extract on Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Authors: Khan, Md. Idrish Raja; Saha, Ratan Kumar; Saha, Himadri Abstract: Traditionally, bamboo has immense medicinal values owing to their rich bioactive compounds. On the other hand, scientific developments in global aquaculture have revealed the significance of dietary nutraceuticals in aquaculture. In this study, efforts have been made to evaluate the properties of shoot and leaf extracts of Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz (Muli bamboo) and demonstrated its immunomodulatory potential. At first, four different extracts of bamboo leaf and shoot were prepared through water and ethanolic solvents followed by phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts. Based on the in vitro evaluation, BLAL (bamboo leaf alcoholic) extract was chosen for further in vivo evaluation. Second experiment was carried to assess the toxicity of BLAL extract on the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), locally called ‘rohu’. No mortality was observed up to 20 g of extract kg-1 body weight. Additionally, haemolytic assay was also conducted to ascertain the cellular toxicity of extract. Third experiment was conducted to find out the effect of dietary BLAL extract [doses: control (0.0%), T1 (0.01%), T2 (0.1%) and T3 (1%) of extract kg-1 feed] on immune related genes (HSP70, IL-1β and TNF-α) expression in L. rohita. The present study confirms the presence of vital phytochemicals in bamboo extracts and immunomodulatory potential of ethanolic leaf extract in rohu. Page(s): 101-111

Stomatal behaviour and endogenous phytohormones promotes intrinsic water use efficiency differently in cotton under drought

2022-02-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Stomatal behaviour and endogenous phytohormones promotes intrinsic water use efficiency differently in cotton under drought Authors: Dubey, Raghvendra; Dudhagi, Shivanand Suresh; Narayan, Shiv; Kumar, Anil; Niranjan, Abhishek; Shirke, Pramod Arvind Abstract: The coordination between phytohormones regulation, stomatal behaviour (stomatal index and opening/closing) and gas exchange are potent determinants of plant survival under drought stress. However, we found a knowledge gap in the mechanism regulating the fine-tuning of these features during drought. In order to address this we evaluated gas exchange, stomatal behaviour and endogenous phytohormones content in two cotton varieties (LRA-5166 and NBRI-67) differing in drought sensitivity during water deficit conditions. Variety specific differences were recorded in net photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) with significantly less decrease in drought tolerant LRA-5166 than drought sensitive NBRI-67. The abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation was significantly increased in LRA-5166 while reduced in NBRI-67 under water deficit, which was accompanied by relatively less reduced 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) level in LRA-5166 than NBRI-67.Thus, improved ABA/6-BAP ratio was observed in both the varieties of cotton. Critically, LRA- 5166 has reduced stomatal index, aperture size and significantly higher A and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), thus higher drought tolerance than NBRI-67. Furthermore, we found that endogenous ABA predominantly maintains the stomatal behaviour and regulates its physiology either by antagonizing 6-BAP or alone to coordinate with water deficit signals. Overall, our findings describe a new insight as to how drought modulates endogenous ABA and 6-BAP homeostasis in cotton leaf and the mechanism of stomatal regulation by ABA and 6-BAP in cotton. Page(s): 112-120