NOPR Collection: [Pages 881-978]

Antitumor impact of amygdalin on adaptive immune response in BALB/c mice with breast cancer

2022-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Antitumor impact of amygdalin on adaptive immune response in BALB/c mice with breast cancer Authors: Yavari, Aboolfazl; Zare, Fateme; Dashti, Fateme; Valizadeh, Hamideh; Fesahat, Farzaneh; Manshadi, Mahdi Dehghan Abstract: Amygdalin is a potential therapeutically target in cancer. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of amygdalin in the mice model of breast cancer. We assessed the percentage of CD4, CD8 T lymphocyte, intracellular IFN-γ, and Granzyme B in spleen cells of tumorized mice treated with 50 and 150 mg/kg of amygdalin (AG50 and AG150), and determined the expression of caspase 3 and p53, tumor size, and survival rate of Balb/c mice in tumor tissue after amygdalin administration. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the three study groups. However, a significantly increased level of granzyme B in CD8+ T cells, as well as a significant decrease in the level of IL-10 in CD4+ T cells was detected in the AG50 group compared to the AG150. There was no significant difference in the expression of caspase 3 and P53 between the two groups. A significant change was seen in tumor size and survival rate of AG50 and AG150 groups compared to the controls. Our findings indicate that the antitumor effect of amygdalin in vivo was probably due to stimulating the effective immune response, and not the apoptotic genes induction. Page(s): 887-893

Effect of SKB-Gutbiotic on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in male Wistar rats

2022-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Effect of SKB-Gutbiotic on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in male Wistar rats Authors: Mohan, Mahalaxmi; Saudagar, Parag; Dalvi, Mitali Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammation gaining increasing attention as it affects considerable number of humans. IBD is reported as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) Conventional therapies currently available are not satisfactory. Therefore, here, we investigated the effect of SKB-Gutbiotic on acetic acid induced ulcerative coltis (UC) in male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats, 200-250 g were divided into six groups as follows: Gr. I (control) received 10 mL/kg of distilled water for 21 consecutive days. Gr. II received 2 mL of 4% acetic acid solution once intra rectally for induction of colitis. Gr. III received 2 mg/kg prednisolone as standard control. Groups IV, V & VI were treated with SKB-Gutbiotic @2×109, 20×109 and 50×109 Cfu/kg, respectively. All the animals from each group were sacrificed 24 h after the induction of colitis. Disease activity index, macroscopical damage, hematological parameters, level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and histopathological alterations were evaluated. Acetic acid-induced colitis significantly caused alteration in disease activity index, macroscopical damage, MPO and GSH levels (P <0.05) as compared to control group. SKB-Gutbiotic (20×109 and 50×109 Cfu/kg) administration significantly decreased disease activity index, MPO, SOD, increased GSH levels (P <0.05) as compared to colitis rats. In conclusion, SKB-Gutbiotic (20×109 and 50×109 Cfu/kg) significantly showed protective effects against acetic acid-induced colitis as a consequence of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Page(s): 894-901

Hepatoprotective effect of obeticholic acid on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice

2022-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Hepatoprotective effect of obeticholic acid on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice Authors: Awasthi, Amit; Vinjarapu, Prathyusha Lakshmi; Krishnamurthy, Venkataraman; Vincent, Sthevaan; Potturi, Anil; Juluri, Suresh; Rajagopalan, Lakshman Abstract: Acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly used as analgesic and antipyretic drug for relieving mild and moderate pain, but at high doses produces hepatic necrosis. Though, Obeticholic acid (OCA) has been tested in range of diseases, its therapeutic potential against APAP-induced hepatic injury remains to be elucidated. Thus, in this study, we investigated the preventive effect of OCA along with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Silymarin (SIL) against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. SIL (100 mg/kg, po) and OCA (30 mg/kg, po) were administered continuously for six days prior to APAP administration. After sixth dose, animas were fasted for 12 h and treated with 300 mg/kg APAP and then received SIL (100 mg/kg, po), NAC (500 mg/kg, ip) and OCA (30 mg/kg, po) at 1 h after APAP. Mice were sacrificed 6 h after APAP injection. Analysis of serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), liver glutathione (GSH) and histopathology were employed for assessment of hepatotoxicity. APAP group showed a significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP and centriolobular hepatic necrosis with a significant decrease in glutathione in comparison to control group. All these parameters were significantly improved in all the three treated groups when compared to APAP group. In conclusion, Obeticholic acid (OCA), Silymarin (SIL) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are suggested to protect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by ameliorating liver enzymes, antioxidant effect and decreasing liver necrosis. Page(s): 902-909

Hepatoprotective potential of isolated flavonoids from Trapa natans L. against the paracetamol induced oxidative stress in rats

2022-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Hepatoprotective potential of isolated flavonoids from Trapa natans L. against the paracetamol induced oxidative stress in rats Authors: Majee, Chandana; Mazumde, Rupa; Choudhary, Alka N Abstract: Overdose of paracetamol causes liver toxicity, due to oxidative stress by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increases the levels of ALT and AST, and reduces the level of the antioxidant enzymes. Flavonoids are a source of natural antioxidants that assist in neutralization of ROS. Several studies have suggested that flavonoids can help protect the liver. The Water Chestnut, Trapa natans L. plants have long been used in the traditional system of medicine and possess considerable antioxidant potential. In this study, we tried to isolate flavonoids from T. natans L. and evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of the isolated compound. We isolated flavonoids from the extract of the aerial part of plant and characterized by UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The isolated flavonoid was induced orally once a day (30 mg/kg). The test drug (isolated compound) could lower the elevated levels of serum enzymes such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin. Silymarin (30 mg/kg) was taken as a standard drug that exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity against the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity model in Wistar albino rats. The histopathological study of rat liver also strengthens biochemical evaluation analysis. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the isolated flavonoids act as hepatoprotective agents in rats. Page(s): 910-917