http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/63661 2026-09-07T14:55:50Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/65573 Title: Recycling wastes to develop permeable blocks Authors: Vachasiddha, Leena Prakash; Tandon, Shalini A; Kumar, Rakesh Abstract: Waste management has become a significant challenge for developing countries, driven by urbanization and increased per capita waste generation. Recycling has been recognized as an effective solution to reduce waste by transforming it into value-added products. However, less than 20% of global waste has been recycled, indicating that waste hierarchy principles and circular economy approaches have not yet made a substantial impact. In the construction sector, several innovative practices have been explored, including the adoption of advanced technologies for waste reduction, the use of alternative materials, and the application of concepts like life cycle assessments and circular economy strategies. Globally, municipal solid waste generation has been projected to reach 3.4 billion tonnes by 2050, with the construction sector contributing around 31%. Efforts have been made to recycle construction and demolitionwaste, such as concrete aggregates, waste bricks, and industrial by-products like fly ash, as partial replacements for cement and aggregates. Permeable pavements have emerged as a sustainable solution in urban areas, enabling runoff water to infiltrate and recharge groundwater. This paper has summarized the development of permeable paver systems, highlighting recent advancements using waste materials. It has discussed their potential and suggested that waste-derived pervious blocks could play a key role in building a sustainable future. Page(s): 773-782 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/65572 Title: Enhancing concrete performance at high temperatures through polypropylene fiber geometry optimization Authors: Antarvedi, Bhawani; Banjara, Nawal Kishor; Singh, Suvir Abstract: This article has explored the optimization of polypropylene fiber dosage and geometry to enhance the thermal stability of high-performance concrete under fire exposure. In this study, experimental investigations have been carried out on plain concrete and polypropylene fibre-reinforced concrete (PFRC) at higher temperatures. The study has been performed at different temperatures, including ambient temperature and temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 1000 °C. Visual inspection, mass loss, mechanical properties, non-destructive testing, and microstructural analyses have been conducted on plain concrete and PFRC specimens. It has been found that the impact of polypropylene fibres in concrete has become more significant when exposed to higher temperatures. The findings indicate that selecting an optimum length and dosage of fibers has been necessary to prevent concrete spalling. Additionally, the diameter of PP fibers has been found to have no notable impact on preventing spalling. This research has also examined the effectiveness of adding Macro fiber polypropylene of length 24mm to the concrete. The effect of adding PP fibres in concrete has been analyzed while assessing mass loss, compressive strength, tensile and flexural strength, and UPV values at higher temperatures. Page(s): 783-798 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/65571 Title: Assessment of unmanned aerial system (UAS) based photogrammetric survey for road alignment using direct geo-referencing technology Authors: Somani, Prakash; Chitranshi, Amit Ranjan; Gaur, Arun; Sain, Amit; Balotiya, Ghanshyam Abstract: This study has compared the linear measurements of a road network using Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)-based survey and UAS-based photogrammetric survey. To achieve this objective, 22 random Ground Control Points (GCPs) have been marked along the road network of 1.6 km length. The coordinates of the GCPs have been identified using DGPS and taken as base measurements. Coordinates of the GCPs have also been obtained through aerial images captured under various conditions, depending on Ground Sample Distance (GSD), overlapping of images, light conditions, shutter speed, and ISO of the sensor. The coordinate errors have been expressed as root mean square error (RMSE) relative to the base coordinates obtained through the DGPS and photogrammetric surveys. The results have demonstrated RMSE values as low as 0.263 mm, 0.305 mm, and 0.399 mm for the x, y, and z axes, respectively, under most test conditions, indicating sub-decimeter level accuracy. The selection of 22 random GCPs has been based on a stratified sampling approach to ensure comprehensive coverage and accuracy. It has been observed that the often-neglected camera settings can highly affect the location of the GCPs. Therefore, proper sensor settings must be considered while using UASbased photogrammetric surveys. Page(s): 799-811 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/65570 Title: Optimization of operating parameters of multi-lamp in-duct ultraviolet-c air disinfection system through computational fluid dynamics analysis Authors: Sharma, Monia Purnima Abstract: This research has focused on optimizing operating parameters of a multi-lamp In-duct UVC air disinfection system through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The efficacy of the system has highly dependent on proper system design to ensure both effective disinfection and minimal energy consumption. In this study five configurations with varying numbers of Ultraviolet-C (UVC) lamps (3, 6, 9, 11, 13) of wavelength 254nm has been investigated through CFD analysis. The velocity and irradiation profiles corresponding to different lamp configurations has been studied to optimize number of lamps. Further orientation profile has been explored at the original vertical position, 30-degree rotation, 60-degree rotation, and horizontal position to optimize position of lamps within duct. The 13 lamps arrangement yields maximum germicidal action has been evidenced from velocity and irradiation profiles. The orientation profiles has revealed that a uniform vertical arrangement of lamps offers best position for achieving the maximum UV dose. Standard deviation calculations for UV dose distribution across different orientation positions has confirmed that a vertical arrangement provide an uniform dose distribution. In comparision to earlier studies, optimized 13-lamp configuration has resulted in a more than 60% increase in average uv dose, superior dose uniformity, and higher germicidal efficacy than conventional configurations. Page(s): 812-825 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z