http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64218 <b>Special issue Pages 447-612</b> 2026-10-11T10:28:19Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64236 Title: Marine polysaccharides and potential enzymes for its degradation Authors: Baghel, Bhupendra; Singhania, Reeta Rani; Patel, Anil Kumar; Kurrey, Navneet; Chen, Chiu-Wen; Dong, Cheng-Di Abstract: Marine polysaccharide degrading enzymes are pivotal for catalyzing glycosidic linkages' breakdown in polysaccharides, yielding low-degree oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. These enzymes show substantial potential in diverse biotechnological applications. Marine polysaccharides and their derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anticancer properties, and are used in food additives with potential health benefits such as prebiotic oligosaccharides. Research explores pharmaceutical applications of marine polysaccharide degrading enzymes, including novel drug delivery and therapeutic bioactive oligosaccharide production. These enzymes are crucial for depolymerizing marine polysaccharides, providing energy and nutrients to microorganisms, and contributing to nutrient cycling and ecological balance. The breakdown of marine polysaccharides is vital for the global carbon cycle and helps regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, impacting environmental sustainability. This comprehensive review delves into marine polysaccharide degrading enzymes, emphasizing carrageenase, agarase, chitinase, chitosanase and alginate lyase. Challenges such as low yields, poor stability, and high costs prompt solutions through metabolic engineering, enzyme immobilization, and engineering, enhancing resistance and efficiency. These advancements amplify the value of marine polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in biotechnological and environmental contexts. Page(s): 447-462 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64235 Title: Marine thraustochytrids a potential source for lipase: Challenges in industrial applications Authors: Chandra, Kunal; Patel, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Prashant; Chen, Chiu-Wen; Dong, Cheng-Di; Singhania, Reeta Rani Abstract: Marine microorganisms still belong to untapped natural resources and can harness a rich source of lipase enzymes with the potential industrial applications. Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic fungus like protists that can dissolve organic matters via enzymes. It has been less explored so far. Lipase is one of the most widely used enzymes, crucial to many biotechnological and industrial processes, including the food, paper, and oleochemical industries, as well as in applications related to pharmaceuticals. However, its application is relatively expensive and challenging due to its instability and aqueous solubility. Immobilization is a commonly employed strategy to enhance lipase activity, and it has proven to be a successful approach. In comparison to free lipase, immobilized lipase on nanomaterials (NMs) has demonstrated superior properties, including greater pH and temperature stability, a longer stable duration, and the ability to be recycled. However, under specific circumstances, protein loading is comparatively decreased and lipase immobilization on NMs might also occasionally result in activity loss. The overall performance of immobilized lipase is influenced by the NMs types and properties. This review addresses thraustochytrids potential for lipase production, emerging extraction techniques employing nanomaterials, and the significance of various techniques for lipase immobilization. The immobilized lipases' potential for several applications has also been taken into account. Page(s): 463-474 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64234 Title: Navigating the frontiers of mineral absorption in the human body: Exploring the impact of probiotic innovations Authors: Mondal, Keshab Chandra; Samanta, Sudipta; Mondal, Subhadeep; Mondal, Saswati Parua; Mondal, Krishnendu; Halder, Suman Kumar Abstract: Essential minerals play a crucial role in diverse physiological processes, and their deficiencies can give rise to significant health challenges. Probiotics, residing as beneficial microorganisms in the gut, have recently garnered attention for their potential in modulating mineral absorption and alleviating deficiencies. However, the difficulties arise from the variability of probiotic strains, varying dosages, and the distinct composition of individuals’ gut microbiota, rendering it challenging to establish universal guidelines. A more nuanced understanding of these mechanisms holds the key to developing targeted probiotic interventions, ultimately optimizing mineral absorption and fostering human health. This review explores the complex relationship between probiotics and the assimilation of essential minerals such as iron, calcium, selenium, zinc, magnesium, and potassium, decoding how probiotics influence the absorption of these minerals. Further research on the role of probiotics in mineral absorption is necessary for optimizing nutrient uptake and informing personalized interventions to support overall health. Page(s): 475-483 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64233 Title: Implication of HIF-1α signalling in human growth hormone (hGH) induced mammary carcinoma Authors: Gugulothu, Poornachandar; Madduru, Dhatri; Baskari, Srinivas; Velpula, Suresh; Devi, Venkata Ramana; Suresh, Yerramsetty Abstract: Mammary carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in women globally. Human growth hormone (hGH) plays a vital role in the development of mammary glands by promoting cell proliferation. Hence, alteration in human growth hormone can contribute to mammary carcinoma. In the present study, we investigated the role of hGH in mammary carcinogenesis and metastasis. We used MTT assay for cell proliferation, and wound healing assay for cell invasion and migration, the cell cycle analysis and analysis of apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis were performed to find out the role of HIF-1α signalling in association with hGH and also VEGF-A Western blot analysis was performed for angiogenesis regulating with hGH. Further, Western blot analysis was analysed for cadherin levels (E-cadherin and N-cadherin) and confocal microscopy and soft agar assay was performed to understand the role of hGH in metastasis through EMT. The results suggest that MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines transfected with hGH showed enhanced proliferation and cell cycle progression by decreasing apoptosis. This contributes to cancer cell progression via HIF-1α signalling pathway which also enhances the expression of VEGF-A contributing to angiogenesis. The EMT markers MMP-2 and N-cadherin expression also increased with decreased E-cadherin expression suggesting the role of hGH in metastasis. In conclusion, the present study establishes the role of hGH in breast cancer progression and suggests the possible signalling pathway involved is mediated by HIF-1α. These finding further helps in novel therapeutic interventions of mammary carcinoma. This present study reports that autocrine production of human growth hormone by human mammary cells alters cell morphology, proliferation and is responsible for enhanced migratory and invasive behaviour leading to breast cancer. Therefore, this study will further help in novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of breast cancer, by utilizing knowledge of these signalling pathways as targets. Page(s): 484-495 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z