NOPR Collection:

Internet of Things and Cloud based Monitoring of an Electrolysis and Fuel Cell System

2025-07-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Internet of Things and Cloud based Monitoring of an Electrolysis and Fuel Cell System Authors: Akyüz, Ersin; Çobanoğlu, İlker; Demircan, Batın Abstract: This study presents a real-time Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and control system for a hybrid green hydrogen setup powered by photovoltaic (PV) energy. The system integrates a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, a fuel cell, and DC loads, with current and voltage data collected via IoT sensors and stored on a cloud platform. Data is sampled every 10 seconds and visualized through a user-friendly interface that supports hourly, daily, and weekly performance tracking via web and mobile devices. Experimental validation shows the PEM electrolyzer operates within 0.4–1.6 A and 1.6–3.2 V, achieving 58.25% energy efficiency at 1.2 A, while the fuel cell reaches 82.3% efficiency under the same condition. Hydrogen production rates, estimated through empirical equations, range from 0.38 to 8.36 mL/min. The system enables both real-time analysis and retrospective diagnostics, offering a practical tool for performance optimization and early fault detection in small-scale renewable energy applications. The uniqueness of this work lies in its fully integrated, cloud-based IoT approach for autonomous monitoring of a complete green hydrogen cycle. Page(s): 731-741

Development of Two-Row e-Powered Transplanter for Root Washed Type Paddy Seedlings

2025-07-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Development of Two-Row e-Powered Transplanter for Root Washed Type Paddy Seedlings Authors: V V, Aware; P S, Jadhav; M L, Jadhav; S V, Aware; P U, Shahare; V A, Rajemahadik Abstract: A two-row e-powered paddy transplanter was developed for root-washed type seedlings. The developed transplanter was manually pulled in puddled field but had a direct current electric motor driven transplanting mechanism powered by lithiumion battery. Power was supplied to the seedling pickers-cum-holder and seedling shifter-cum-erector through the speed reduction-cum-transmission unit. The seedling pickers-cum-holder picked the seedlings from the bottom of the tray containing root-washed type seedlings by the picking and pushing cam assembly and transplanted into two rows by the seedling shifter-cum-erector. A new holding and releasing mechanism cam was developed and wooden float with aerodynamic curve was fabricated for the developed transplanter for smooth operation. Results of field performance showed that field efficiency of existing and e-powered transplanter were 45.70% and 56.71%, respectively. Field capacity of existing and e-powered transplanter were 0.029 ha/h and 0.036 ha/h, respectively. The cost of e-powered paddy transplanter was ₹32454/- and operating cost was ₹161/h. The developed transplanter was found suitable for transplanting with root-washed type seedlings. Page(s): 742-748

Optimization of Process Variables and Formulation Parameters for Maize Flour-Based Flatbread Utilizing Response Surface Methodology

2025-07-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Optimization of Process Variables and Formulation Parameters for Maize Flour-Based Flatbread Utilizing Response Surface Methodology Authors: Kathuria, Prerna; Kaur, Gagandeep; Kanojia, Varsha; Kaur, Preetinder Abstract: Flat breads, commonly known as ‘chapati’ or ‘roti’ are the most consumed bread in India especially in north India. In rural north India, especially in Punjab ‘Sarsoka sag and Makki di roti’ is the signature dish during winter season. Maize flour based flatbreads are generally prepared by hand; this process is laborious, time consuming and requires expertise. The present investigation was planned to standardize the process parameters and formulations for mechanized preparation of maize flour based flatbread using response surface methodology. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used with independent variables i.e. resting time of dough (0–20 min), blending ratio of supplement flour (20–40%) and temperature of water (18–36°C). The results of the study revealed that the process parameters had a significant effect (p<0.05) on moisture content, browning index, peroxide value, free fatty acid, cutting force, colour change and overall acceptability of flatbread. The models obtained had a high coefficient of determination (R2 ≥ 0.99) and were quite significant. The optimum process conditions obtained by numerical optimization technique for maize flour based flatbread blended with gram flour were; dough resting time 12.45 min, blending ratio 38.90% and temperature of water 31.47°C; likewise maize flour based flatbread blended with wheat flour were obtained as dough resting time 20 min, blending ratio 20% and temperature of water 29.68°C. The present investigation showed that addition of wheat and gram flour in flour mix helped in preparation of quality flatbread and meets the nutritional requirements of developed product. Page(s): 749-759

Analysis of the Drying Kinetics of Freeze-Dried Persimmon at Different Cabin Pressures using Artificial Neural Network Method

2025-07-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Analysis of the Drying Kinetics of Freeze-Dried Persimmon at Different Cabin Pressures using Artificial Neural Network Method Authors: Emin Topal, Muhammed; Şahin, Birol; Vela, Serkan Abstract: The main objective of this study is to freeze dry persimmon (Diospyros kaki) at three different cabin pressures (0.008 mbar, 0.010 mbar and 0.012 mbar) and product thicknesses (3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm) and, examine the drying kinetics, and assess the accuracy of artificial neural networks (ANN) in forecasting critical drying parameters, including Moisture Content (MC), Drying Rate (DR), and dimensionless Mass loss Ratio (MR). In this study, a feed forward ANN with a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) architecture was designed to simulate and predict the freeze-drying behavior of persimmons. The ANN modeling, developed using MATLAB software while accounting for different product thicknesses and cabin pressures, demonstrated a test performance value of 0.99781 and an overall performance value of 0.99896. The drying time for persimmons ranged from 1080 minutes (3 mm, 0.008 mbar) to 2160 minutes (7 mm, 0.012 mbar). It was observed that reducing cabin pressure and product thickness resulted in decreased drying time. The highest drying rate (0.213%/min) was achieved with a 3 mm thick product at 0.008 mbar cabin pressure. Depending on the product thickness and cabin pressure, the Alibas model (3 mm, 0.008 mbar), the Improved Midilli-Kucuk model (3 mm, 0.010 mbar; 5 mm, 0.008 mbar; 5 mm, 0.012 mbar; and 7 mm, 0.010 mbar), and the Balbay & Sahin model (3 mm, 0.012 mbar; 5 mm, 0.010 mbar; 7 mm, 0.008 mbar; and 7 mm, 0.012 mbar) were found to be the most effective in describing the drying process of persimmons. These results suggest that ANNs are capable of effectively modeling the freeze-drying process of persimmons. Page(s): 760-769