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Gelucire: An alternative formulation technological tool for both sustained and fast release of drugs in treating diabetes mellitus type II disease

Sun, 01 Dec 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Gelucire: An alternative formulation technological tool for both sustained and fast release of drugs in treating diabetes mellitus type II disease Authors: Upadhyay, Prashant; Pandit, Jayanta Kumar; Wahi, Arun Kumar Abstract: Gelucire is the family of vehicle derived from mixtures of mono-, di- and tri-glycerides with PEG esters of fatty acids. They have a wide variety of application in pharmaceutical formulations. These are used in the preparation of fast release and sustained release formulations. In order to increase the bioavailability of drugs, the residence time of the orally administered dosage form in the upper GIT needs to be prolonged. The main approaches to prolonging the gastric residence time of pharmaceutical dosage forms includes density control delivery system, which float on gastric fluid and an asset to treat Diabetes type II. Gastro retentive solid dispersion could be achieved of poorly soluble drug Glibenclamide with the help of polyethylene glycol and Gelucire 50/13. On the other hand sustained release gastroretentive multiparticulates of metformin hydrochloride could be achieved using Gelucire 39/01 and 43/01 grades. Further both formulations can be explored individual as well as in combination for improved bioavailability by their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation in wistar rats. Page(s): 776-780

A preliminary assessment of phenol tolerance and degradation by spent mycelium substrate (SMS) of novel edible mushroom Hypsizygus ulmarius

Sun, 01 Dec 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: A preliminary assessment of phenol tolerance and degradation by spent mycelium substrate (SMS) of novel edible mushroom Hypsizygus ulmarius Authors: Ranjini, R; Padmavathi, T Abstract: In assessing phenol tolerance and degradation using SMS of Hypsizygus ulmarius, growth media using amylose gave mycelial growth of 16.28 sq cm at 200 mg/L phenol; this was reduced to 11.22 sq cm and further to 10.62 sq cm when phenol was increased to 400 and 800 mg/L. There was growth reduction of 13.26% and 1.57% from 200 to 800 mg/L phenol. Tolerance to lower phenol concentrations was better (5 sq.cm) in non-ligninolytic (Nx10 Cx10) media, while ligninolytic (N/10 C/10) condition provided better tolerance (3.38 sq.cm) at higher concentrations. Excessive reduction or increase of nutrients increased growth (N/10 C/10 – 11.29 sq cm; Nx10 Cx10 - 9.07 sq cm). When cellulose was used, growth of 22.46 sq cm at 200 mg/L phenol got reduced to 16.96 sq cm at 400 mg/L, and negligible decrease thereafter. Growth reduced by 9.77% from 200 to 800 mg/L phenol. All variations of ligninolytic (N/2 C/2; N/10; N/2; C/2) media offered good tolerance (7.18 sq cm). There was 47.1% phenol degradation in ligninolytic media (N/10 C/10; N/2; N/10) using amylose, while it was only 21.3% in non-ligninolytic condition (Nx10 Cx10). Degradation decreased by 3.7% and 1.46% when phenol increased to 400 and 800 mg/L. Ligninolytic cellulose (N/2 C/2; N/2; N/10) media gave 67.05% degradation, while it was only 35.4% in non-ligninolytic condition (Nx10; Nx2 Cx2). There was 9% decrease in degradation when phenol increased to 400mg/L and negligible thereafter. Overall, there was reduction in tolerance and degradation when phenol was increased from 200 to 400 mg/L; it was negligible beyond 400mg/L. Ligninolytic media was suitable for enhanced tolerance and degradation; the maximum potential achieved when nitrogen was reduced to one-tenth of optimum level. Cellulose was the preferred carbon source for tolerance; while better degradation was achieved in amylose. There was high similarity of growth pattern in non-ligninolytic conditions of the two carbon sources, indicated by correlation value of 0.78. Page(s): 767-771

Olefins production from LPG via dehydrogenative cracking over three ZSM-5 catalysts

Sun, 01 Dec 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Olefins production from LPG via dehydrogenative cracking over three ZSM-5 catalysts Authors: Hajheidary, Meysam; Ghashghaee, Mohammad; Karimzadeh, Ramin Abstract: The performance of protonated, Na-form, and Fe-modified ZSM-5 catalysts in dehydrogenative cracking of LPG to light olefins were investigated. The physico-chemical properties of the samples were obtained by XRD, FTIR, and NH₃–TPD measurements. Overall, the acidic properties of the samples were suitable for olefin production so that LPG conversions up to 73.79% and product selectivities up to 67.95% were attained over H-ZSM-5 and Na-ZSM-5 catalysts, respectively. The highest olefins yield was 51.28% indicating a 422% improvement to the corresponding yield of thermal reactions alone. Page(s): 760-766

New method of Electromagnetic Interferences Reduction in AC-AC power converter fed Induction motor drive

Sun, 01 Dec 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: New method of Electromagnetic Interferences Reduction in AC-AC power converter fed Induction motor drive Authors: Karthikeyan, C; Duraiswamy, K Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the effect of EMI in Switched mode PWM Inverter fed AC drive. This Switched mode PWM Inverter has an inherent noise source. This noise is mitigated by a New Active Common Mode Electro Magnetic Interference Filter (ACEF) which is proposed for switched mode power supply applications. The proposed filter is based on current sensing and a compensation circuit which utilizes fast acting transistor amplifier for current compensation. The amplifier is biased with an isolated low voltage DC power supply. Hence, it is possible to construct an active filter independent of the source voltage of the equipment. Thus, this filter can be used in any application regardless of working voltage. Results of Simulations and experiments indicate the effectiveness of the proposed Active Common mode EMI filter. It is also very effective in suppressing the noise due to EMI. Page(s): 772-775