NOPR Collection:

Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Organic Wastes

Mon, 01 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Organic Wastes Authors: Sheoran, V.; Chaudhary, R.; Tholia, N. K. Abstract: Performance of the laboratory scale bioreactors containing different organic substrates has been tested for the treatment of acidic industrial wastes in the treatment of acidic industrial wastes in terms of acid neutralization, sulphate and metal removal processes. Glass jars of 1.5 liter capacity (30 cm height) containing bacterial consortium of different organic substrates were inoculated with dairy whey to promote SRB culture. After incubation period of 17 days at room temperature the jars were introduced with 850 ml acidic industrial wastewater rich in ferric iron characterized by low pH, polluted with presence of metals like cobalt, zinc, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and iron. The experiment was run for three months. After retention period of four, twelve, nineteen, twenty five, thirty seven, fifty two, sixty six, eighty and ninety four days. The pH of the wastewater increased from 5.58 to 8.39, alkalinity from 0 to 712mg/l as CaCO₃, acidity removal was from 223.8 to 95 mg/l as CaCO₃, sulphate removal was 48.9%, lead removal was 91%, zinc 99.3%, copper 97.0%, cobalt 97.0%, manganese -55.6%, nickel- 99.7% and iron 99.87% were observed. The main aim of this study is to compare and interpret the best organic substrate for treatment of acidic wastewater in bioreactors and to be applied on commercial scale. Page(s): 255-260

Comparative study of partial and total replacement of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate by novel polymer on the properties of detergent

Mon, 01 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Comparative study of partial and total replacement of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate by novel polymer on the properties of detergent Authors: Dhakite, P. A.; Gogte, B. B.; Burande, B. C. Abstract: Novel Polymer was first synthesized from Coconut oil, rosin and maleic anhydride and then used with sodium lauryl sulphate as mixed active matter in powder detergent formulation with a view to replace the conventional active matter like Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonate (LABS). The reaction conditions of novel polymer such as mole ratio, temperature, time of reaction and use of catalyst have been standardized to get a product with desired HLB ratio, viscosity and solubility. The prepared powder detergents were analyzed for surface tension, detergency and foaming power and compared with commercial detergent sample. All detergent compositions exhibited comparable performance to commercial one with respect to detergency and surface tension whereas foaming power decreased as the amount of novel polymer in the formulation increased. Satisfactory results were found even for low concentration (0.5%) of powder detergents. In successive compositions acid slurry has been replaced by neutralized novel polymer by to 20 to 100%. A comparison of our novel polymer based detergents with commercial samples shows that novel polymer based powder detergent give excellent foaming, surface tension reduction and detergency properties. The raw material cost of our novel detergents in reasonable and they can be tried on pilot scale and commercial scale production. The special feature of these detergents is freedom from conventional linear alkyl benzene sulphonate and sodium tripoly phosphate so they can be labeled as Eco friendly products for green environment. The proposed compositions can be easily prepared in existing novel polymer manufacturing plants applying minor modification. Page(s): 222-227

A Novel Low Power 3 Transistor based Universal Gate for VLSI Applications

Mon, 01 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: A Novel Low Power 3 Transistor based Universal Gate for VLSI Applications Authors: Priya, M.Geetha; Baskaran, K. Abstract: NAND and NOR gates are the two universal logic gates and any other logic gates can be built using them. This paper presents a novel three transistors (3T) based NAND gate with exact output logic levels, yet maintaining comparable performance than the other available NAND gate logic structures. The new logic is characterized by superior speed and low power which can be easily fabricated for Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) designs. The simulation tests were performed by employing standard 90nm CMOS process technology. Page(s): 217-221

Homogenate extraction of polysaccharides from loquat leaves by response surface methodology

Mon, 01 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Homogenate extraction of polysaccharides from loquat leaves by response surface methodology Authors: Yang, Dong-Mei; Wang, J G; Ren, G P; Zhang, Q; Wang, H L Abstract: Homogenate extraction method was applied to fast extraction of polysaccharides from loquat leaves. Factors which affected extraction yield were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that optimum technological conditions were as follows: ratio of liquid to material, 25 ml: 1g; extraction time, 100 s; and pH of extracting solvent, 11. Under optimum conditions, yield of polysaccharides was (1.19±0.11)%. Compared with traditional hot-water extraction, homogenate extraction has notable advantages in good extraction yield and short extraction time. Page(s): 236-241