NOPR Collection:

Extraction of saffron ingredients and its fingerprinting by nano-emulsion membranes

Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Extraction of saffron ingredients and its fingerprinting by nano-emulsion membranes Authors: Mokhtari, Bahram; Pourabdollah, Kobra Abstract: A novel approach has been introduced for the selective and tunable extraction as well as the fingerprinting of saffron solutes based upon the emulsion liquid membrane process. The objective of this method is optimizing the fingerprints, minimizing the solute variation, increasing the likelihood differences, obtaining the maximum extraction yield, and introducing the emulsion liquid membrane process in the fingerprinting extractions. The extractions are focused on the solutes of the interest including crocins, safranal and picrocrocin. Based upon the UV/Vis spectra in the range 230-530 nm, the component analysis of pre-processed data is conducted and the extraction parameters are optimized. The optimal conditions used for the best performance are surfactant’s type (Span 80), concentration (2.5 %), type of diluent (n-decane) in membrane, phase and treat ratios (0.8 and 0.3), and mixing speed (300 rpm). The repeatability of fingerprints is determined using surfactant 4 (2.5 %wt) and n-decane as the membrane phase. Page(s): 222-228

Application of enhanced softening process in slaughterhouse wastewater treatment

Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Application of enhanced softening process in slaughterhouse wastewater treatment Authors: Hossaini, H; Fatehizadeh, A; Yousefi, N; Reshadat, S; Gilan, N Rajabi; Ghasemi, S R; Ahmadian, M Abstract: Enhanced softening has been applied for the removal of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), phosphorous and colour of the abattoir effluent, and the effect of increasing dose of coagulants is investigated. The study is performed on a laboratory scale by using jar apparatus, lime as softener and pH adjuster agent. Coagulants such as alum and ferric chloride are used to increase the size of flocs in various pH solutions. The results show that the enhanced softening is an efficient method for SCOD, and colour and phosphorous removal from abattoir wastewater. The maximum SCOD (93%) and phosphorous (94%) removal is attained at pH 11.65. Use of alum as coagulant combined with enhanced softening does not have positive effect on enhanced softening efficiency in SCOD, and phosphorous and colour removal, but ferric chloride increases the enhanced softening efficiency except its SCOD removal efficiency. The results also show that ferric chloride removes 90% and 97% SCOD and phosphorous respectively. This efficiency is obtained at 11.57 pH and 90 mg/L ferric chloride. The optimum pH and dose of ferric chloride (90 mg/L) increase the luminance of effluent from 40% to 75% at pH 7.6 and decrease its purity from 47% to 14% at pH 7.6. Page(s): 217-221

Grafting of polymethyl methacrylate onto cellulose acetate in homogeneous medium using ceric (IV) ion as initiator

Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Grafting of polymethyl methacrylate onto cellulose acetate in homogeneous medium using ceric (IV) ion as initiator Authors: Routray, C R; Tosh, B; Nayak, N Abstract: CA-g-PMMA copolymer has been synthesized in homogeneous medium of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator. Different grafting parameters, such as graft yield, grafting efficiency and total conversion of monomer to polymer are evaluated at different reaction conditions of temperature, time, monomer and initiator concentrations. It is observed that the graft yield decreases with increase in temperature of grafting. CAN in presence of DMSO forms free radical on cellulose acetate (CA) backbone via ring opening mechanism and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is grafted through homogeneous breaking of the acrylic double bond. The role of methylene blue (MB) as a homopolymer inhibitor and its effect on grafting is also studied. In presence of MB the amount of PMMA homopolymer formation reduces and consequently graft yield increases. The viscosity average molecular weights of grafted PMMA and rate of grafting are also calculated. The products are characterized by FTIR and ¹H-NMR analyses and a possible reaction mechanism is deduced. The thermal degradation of the grafted products is also studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetry. Page(s): 202-209

Formation of rare earth-permanganate conversion coating on AZ61 magnesium alloy and its properties

Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Formation of rare earth-permanganate conversion coating on AZ61 magnesium alloy and its properties Authors: Seifzadeh, D; Haghighat, A G Abstract: Formation of cerium-lanthanum-permanganate composite conversion coating on AZ61 magnesium has been studied. Morphology of the coated and uncoated alloy samples has been studied by scanning electron microscopy before and after immersion in corrosive media. Energy dispersive X-ray shows that the coatings are composed of oxides and hydroxides of cerium, lanthanum and manganese. The anticorrosive properties of the coatings are investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in diluted sodium sulfate and also in 3.5% sodium chloride solutions. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the coated samples is significantly higher than the bare alloy in studied solutions. The effect of plating time on coating resistance is investigated in order to find the optimum treatment time and the best results are found for 60 min plating. Page(s): 210-216