NOPR Collection:

Entroenthalpics: New model for solving solubility problem of high molecular weight biocompatible PVP macromolecules

Fri, 01 Nov 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Entroenthalpics: New model for solving solubility problem of high molecular weight biocompatible PVP macromolecules Authors: Goela, Kamna; Singh, Man Abstract: PVP of 10,000; 29,000; 40,000 and 55,000 g/mol of their 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007 and 0.009 mass fractions separately were solubilized in water at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K at an interval of 50 C temperature. The solubility has been a primary parameter for preparing their mixtures with water for industrial applications. Since, solubility and physicochemical properties (PCP) are closely associated for useful formulations. Thus, in the present work their densities, viscosities, surface tension, sound velocity, refractive index and UV absorption study are reported. The density increases by 0.04 % with an increase in mass fraction by 0.002, irrespective of the molecular weights of PVP. In general, on increasing the concentration of PVP; the increase in viscosity is 1.44; 2.67; 3.69 and 3.81 % at T = (293.15 to 308.15) K, respectively. Analysis of UV absorption reveals the stabilization at 220 nm for PVP 10,000 and the absorption maxima is less than PVP 10,000 by 0.468. At an arbitrary point 1.5 on absorbance scale the wavelength is being narrowed down by 21, 11, 9, and 9 nm with an increase in molecular weights, reveals that UV light is unable to influence interacting behaviour of PVP higher molecular weights. Page(s): 648-654

Dynamic Mergers Drive Industrial Competition Evolution: A Network Analysis Perspective

Fri, 01 Nov 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Dynamic Mergers Drive Industrial Competition Evolution: A Network Analysis Perspective Authors: Hou, Rui; Yang, Jianmei; Yao, Canzhong Abstract: This paper presents a novel method to explore the relationship between dynamic mergers and evolution of industrial competition by introducing complex network tool. Taking the beer industry of China as an example, we establish Markets-Firms bipartite time series networks, weighted Markets-Firms time series networks and industrial competition time series networks by using the data from 1992 to 2009 respectively. Through analyzing the changes of topology index on these networks, we find that dynamic mergers play a key important role in the evolution process of industrial competition. The results show that dynamic mergers promote the local fragmented submarkets to be consolidated into a global market for this industry, and they also show the evolution process that competitive relationship among rivals turns from local segmented markets to a global cross-market gradually. In this paper, we provide a new view to observe the changes of industrial competition relationship driven by dynamic mergers. Page(s): 635-647

Bioprocess for semi-industrial production of immunomodulator polysaccharide Pleuran by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged culture

Fri, 01 Nov 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Bioprocess for semi-industrial production of immunomodulator polysaccharide Pleuran by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged culture Authors: Maftoun, Parisa; Malek, Roslinda; Abdel-Sadek, Mahmoud; Aziz, Ramlan; Enshasy, Hesham El Abstract: Pleuran, is a polysaccharide belongs to glucan group which made of D-glucose moieties linked with (1→3)- and (1→6)- glycosidic linkages. The importance of this compound is based on its wide biotherapeutic application as immunomodulator and anticancer polysaccharide. This compound is produced only naturally using specific type of mushroom named Pleurotus ostreatus. Traditionally, this type of mushroom was cultivated using solid state cultivation system in green houses. Nowadays, submerged cultivation is considered as alternative cultivation strategy for mushroom based on its many advantages such as: short cultivation time, high yield, fully controlled cultivation condition, and fewer steps in polysaccharide extraction and purification compared to solid state fermentation. Thus, the present work was focused on the development of pleuran production process in semi-industrial scale using submerged cultivation system. At first, high yield production medium was selected followed by study on the kinetics of cell growth and EPS production in shake flasks. Second, cultivations were conducted in semi-industrial scale using in situ sterilizable 16-L stirred tank bioreactor under controlled and uncontrolled pH conditions. The results showed that bioreactor cultivation under controlled pH condition improved EPS production process and the maximal volumetric and specific pleuran produced in this study were 1.98 g/L and 0.445 g/g, respectively. Page(s): 655-662

Textiles industrial water footprint: methodology and study

Fri, 01 Nov 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Textiles industrial water footprint: methodology and study Authors: Wang, Laili; Ding, Xuemei; Wu, Xiongying; Yu, Jianming Abstract: The concept of water footprint (WF) is an important breakthrough in the evolving of methodologies, approaches and indicators for measuring freshwater appropriation and assessing the wastewater discharge. Industrial water footprint (IWF) methodology, which concentrates on the industrial production stages, can present a clear graphic of freshwater consumption and impacts caused by wastewater discharge at both product and technology level. In this paper, IWFs of seven kinds of knitted fabrics were calculated through field survey and referred to published literatures. These case studies revealed that the majority of the IWFs were caused by grey industrial water footprints, the volume of water required to dilute pollutants. Dyeing, bleaching and washing were freshwater intensive technologies. Generally this may be one of the typical features of dyed and finished fabrics. It is meaningful to reduce the freshwater consumption of the hot-spots through the improvement of freshwater management pattern and production techniques. Specific recommendations for further research in this field were also proposed in this study accordingly. Page(s): 710-715