NOPR Collection:

Susceptibility of diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (L) to entomopathogenic nematodes

Fri, 01 Sep 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Susceptibility of diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (L) to entomopathogenic nematodes Authors: Shinde, Shilpa; Singh, N.P. Abstract: Eight entomopathogenic nematode species / strains, Steinernema glaseri (steiner), S. carpocapsae (Weiser), S. feltiae (Filipjev), Steinernema sp. Ecomax strain, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Pioner), Heterorhabditis sp. Ecomax strain, two locally isolated strains called as JFC and TFC were tested against the final instar larvae of diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). All nematodes were found pathogenic. However, H. bacteriophora was adjudged the most pathogenic amongst the test nematodes on the basis of LD₅₀ (9.16 IJS/larva), LT₅₀ (43.26 hr), Lex T₅₀ (3.24 hr) and the propagation potential (average of 271.42 IJS/mg) on the host body weight. Page(s): 956-959

RAPD markers linked to brown planthopper Nilaparvatha lugens resistance locus in rice

Fri, 01 Sep 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Title: RAPD markers linked to brown planthopper Nilaparvatha lugens resistance locus in rice Authors: Amudha, J; SreeRangasamy, S R; Jayapragasam, M; Balasubramani, G Abstract: Brown plant hopper, a major pest in rice causes ‘‘hopper burn’’ in the field. The resistance gene for brown planthopper was mapped by using 20 recombinant inbred lines (RIL's) derived from a cross between resistant line Oryza. officinalis derivative (IR 54742-2-21-12-17-6) and a susceptible rice cultivar ASD 16 using bulked segregant analysis. On an average of 4 loci were amplified and two RAPD primers amplified loci that co-segregated with resistance/susceptibility. The segregating RAPD loci were mapped using Mapmaker programme into 13 groups. The expected and the 95% confidence level were found to be 15.2 and 47.7 eM respectively, confirming the location of the brown planthopper resistant gene on the region of chromosome 4 . These RAPD markers will accelerate breeding programme for brown planthopper resistance. Page(s): 951-955

Aluminium related changes in brain histology: Protection by calcium and nifedipine

Fri, 01 Sep 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Aluminium related changes in brain histology: Protection by calcium and nifedipine Authors: Basu, Srabanti; Gupta, Romita Das; Chaudhuri, Aditi Nag Abstract: Aluminium (Al; 50 mg AlCl₃/kg body wt/day) treatment caused a marked change in histological picture of normal brain as indicated by an increased number of vacuolated spaces. These changes returned to normal partially by simultaneous treatment with nifedipine (0 .7 mg/kg body wt/day) and completely by similar treatment with 50 ppm calcium (CaCl₂ ; 12.5 mg/kg body wt./day). Neither nifedipine nor calcium treatment alone altered the normal histological condition. The histological changes could not be correlated with the decrease in calcineurin activities in brain as nifedipine decreases calcineurin activity without any histological changes. Hence the histological changes may be considered as specific for Al and not due to a general decrease in calcineurin activity. Page(s): 948-950

Effect of Emblica officinalis tannoids on a rat model of tardive dyskinesia

Fri, 01 Sep 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Effect of Emblica officinalis tannoids on a rat model of tardive dyskinesia Authors: Bhattacharya, Salil K.; Bhattacharya, Dipankar; Muruganandam, A.V. Abstract: Effect of active tannoid principles of E. officinalis, comprising of emblicanin A (37%), emblicanin B (33%), punigluconin (12%) and pedunculagin (14%), was investigated on a rat model of tardive dyskinesia (TD) induced by once daily administration of haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg, ip) for 28 days. Involuntary oro facial movements (chewing movements, buccal tremors and tongue prolusion) were assessed as TO parameters. The tannoid principles of £.officina/is (EOT) wery administered concomitantly with haloperidol in the doses of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg, po, for 28 days. Sodium valproate (200 mg/kg, po), a Gaba-mimetic agent, and vitamin E (400 mg/kg, po), an antioxidant, were used as the standard drugs and administered for the same period. EOT induced a dose-related inhibition of all the three TD parameters assessed, as did vitamin E. The effect of sodium valproate remained statistically insignificant. The results suggest that EOT exerts a prophylactive effect against neuroleptic-induced TD which is likely to be due to its earlier reported antioxidant effects in rat brain areas, including striatum. Page(s): 945-947