NOPR Collection:

Pyrolysis of Solid Wastes

Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Pyrolysis of Solid Wastes Authors: Rahman, A N E; Akmal, M A Khaleel; Prasad, K B S Abstract: Pyrolysis of solid wastes like papers, rags, garden wastes, used tea leaves and municipal solid waste (MSW) is carried out in a fixed bed reactor for studying distribution of energy in pyrolytic products and their possible applications as fuel. Pyrolysis is conducted between 450°C to 650°C and at different reaction times. The temperature of 600°C is found to be good forgetting maximum yield of tar and is enhanced from 16 per cent to 27.6 per cent as the pyrolysis time reduces from 35 min to 5 min. The average yield of char and gas is found between 30-34 per cent and 16-20 per cent respectively, irrespective of reaction time. The calorific values of solid, liquid and gaseous products of pyrolysis of all the wastes show a good fuel potential. The tar can be used as furnace oil, char can be utilized as a feedstock for producing active carbon and gas as a fuel for industrial furnaces or internal combustion engines. Page(s): 52-59

Saving of Energy with Increase of Production by Modifying the Jigs of Components at the Time of Painting (Powder Coating) and Baking

Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Saving of Energy with Increase of Production by Modifying the Jigs of Components at the Time of Painting (Powder Coating) and Baking Authors: Sharma, S B; Nath, B; Giri, B P Abstract: Huge amount of electrical energy vis-à- vis enhanced yield of production has been achieved by modifying the hanging, spraying and baking arrangement of a powder coating plant established for the coating and baking of the doors of Card Systems Network (CSN) version of electronic exchanges. Page(s): 48-51

Design of Cost-effective Coal Washery Effluent Treatment Plant for Clean Environment

Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Design of Cost-effective Coal Washery Effluent Treatment Plant for Clean Environment Authors: Ghose, M K Abstract: Coal washery effluents contain large amounts of suspended solids and high COD values and they create serious water pollution problem in which they are discharged. The solids in suspension are colloidal in nature and possess high coking value. Thus in addition to water pollution and siltation on the river bed, good quality of coking coal is being lost. It shows the ineffectiveness of the present effluent treatment system. One large coal washery has been surveyed and the characteristics of the effluent have been evaluated. Treatability study for the removal of suspended solids has been conducted. The effectiveness of the use of different conventional and synthetic polymeric flocculates for the removal o f suspended solids have been evaluated. Studies also involved the identification of a suitable flocculent and to develop a methodology for the effective removal of suspended solids from the effluent. A treatment scheme has been suggested which will make it feasible to design a cost-effective treatment plant for coal washery and the supernatant liquid can be recycled or safely discharged without causing surface water pollution. It would maintain the acceptable balance between environmental management and sustainable development of coal washeries in the region. Page(s): 40-47

Ion Chamber for High-range Gamma Measurement in Space Critical Applications

Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Ion Chamber for High-range Gamma Measurement in Space Critical Applications Authors: Alex, Mary; Prasad, K R Abstract: An ion chamber for space critical applications is developed indigenously for high-range gamma radiation measurement. The device can be used to monitor gamma exposure rates above 1000 R/h for monitoring dose rate due to irradiated samples in radioactive hot cell facilities, and coolant activity monitoring in power reactors. The chamber has an overall diam of 27 mm and 53 mm length. Nickel-plating technique has been used to convert one of the surfaces of an alumina insulator into an electrode. In size the chamber is comparable to a GM counter and its performance, radiation tolerance, operational life and long-term stability are found to be superior. Tests at BARC show that the chamber can measure gamma radiation up to 10⁴R/h. It has a gamma sensitivity of 9 pA/R/h and requires 1000 V to achieve saturation at 9600 R/h. The chamber response is uniform with in ±3 per cent over gamma energy range between 660 keV to 1.25 meV and compares well with that of a standard Victoreen ion chamber. The cost of this indigenously developed device is far less than that of GM counters or imported ion chambers and it has an operational life of 20 y. Page(s): 35-39