http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31295 Fri, 09 Oct 2026 15:16:27 GMT 2026-10-09T15:16:27Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31321 Title: Effect of excess air on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons removal from petroleum sludge using thermal treatment with additives Authors: Pakpahan, E N; Isa, M H; Kutty, S R M; Chantara, S; Wiriya, W; Farooqi, I H Abstract: Petroleum sludge contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which are hazardous compounds due to their toxic and carcinogenic-mutagenic characteristics. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has identified 16 of these compounds as priority pollutants. This study evaluates the effectiveness of excess air addition in thermal removal of priority PAH from petroleum sludge treated in a rotary-drum electric heater at 650°C with Ca(OH)₂ (1 mole) + NaHCO₃ (1 mole) (1:1) additives. The concentrations of PAH in flue gas and residue phases were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The samples were extracted with acetonitrile by ultra-sonication prior to GC-MS analysis. The concentrations of 2-3 ring PAH, 4-6 ring PAH, suspect carcinogenic PAH, ΣPAH and ΣTEF were also determined. Excess air addition was found to be instrumental in PAH removal. Page(s): 245-249 Wed, 01 Apr 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31321 2015-04-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31320 Title: Controlling Barium Sulphate scale deposition problems in an Unbleached Kraft Paper Mill Authors: Sithole, B; Doucette, M; Fiolet, R Abstract: Troubleshooting of scale deposits and defects in paper samples showed that the problem was caused by barium sulphate and calcium sulphate scales. However, it was ascertained that barium sulphate was more of a concern than calcium sulphate as it is more tenacious than the calcium sulphate scale. A study of the inputs of the scale components found that the major inputs of barium into the mill system were the wood chips and bark contamination. The major inputs of the sulphate component of the scale were sulphuric acid used for pH control and alum used for rosin sizing.Evaluation of several options for mitigating the scale deposition problem showed that bark removal and continuous application of a scale inhibitor comprised of phosphates/phosphonates and polyacrylates were effective in reducing and controlling the scale deposit problems. Institution of these measures led to a cleaner paper machine that required far fewer boil outs than before. In addition, productivity improved and the fisheye defects disappeared.A rapid method was developed for on-site estimation of barium levels in mill process samples. The data were used to adjust the dosage of the scale inhibitor to ensure optimum effectiveness of the programme. Page(s): 236-244 Wed, 01 Apr 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31320 2015-04-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31319 Title: Effect of injection timing on a diesel engine fueled with bael biodiesel Authors: Dhanamurugan, A; Subramanian, R Abstract: This study presents effect of injection timing on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Bael (Aegle marmelos) biodiesel and its blend on a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Standard injection pressure (220 bar) is maintained throughout the experiment. Injection timings (22°, 23° and 24° bTDC) were considered under steady state conditions of the engine. At injection timing of 22° bTDC, blend B20 (20% biodiesel + 80% diesel, by volume) gave optimum performance. Thus B20 fuel can be effectively used in a diesel engine as an alternative fuel without any modification in the engine. Page(s): 232-235 Wed, 01 Apr 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31319 2015-04-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31318 Title: Optimization of GAC supported TiO₂ photocatalytic process for competent carbofuran removal from an aqueous system Authors: Vishnuganth, M A; Rangabhashiyam, S; Remya, N; Kumar, M; Selvaraju, N Abstract: The present study employed central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate the carbofuran removal by photo catalytic process. The carbofuran removal process was carried out in a batch reactor with granular activated carbon (GAC) supported TiO₂ (GAC-TiO₂) as the photo catalyst. The influence of operating parameters such as initial carbofuran concentration, TiO₂ concentration and pH was modelled using CCD and RSM with 11 experimental runs. In the experimental runs, the carbofuran concentration was carried from 1 to 250 mg L^-1, TiO₂ concentration was ranged from 5 to 75 mg L^-1 and pH was varied from 3-11. The experimental outcomes from CCD revealed an increased carbofuran removal with increase in pH. Complete removal of carbofuran was observed within 240 min in all the runs except in those with higher carbofuran concentration (i.e., 250 mg L^-1) and lower pH (i.e., 3). Furthermore, Polynomial equations were developed to predict the carbofuran removal under different operating conditions. The result indicated that the carbofuran concentraration and pH as well as the interaction term of TiO₂ concentration and pH had significant effect on the removal process. Good correlation between observed and predicted values indicated that the developed model can be used to predict the carbofuran removal under different operating conditions within the range that is analysed in this particular study. The optimum conditions for carbofuran removal were observed for a carbofuran concentration of 50 mg L^-1, TiO₂ concentration of 5 mg L^-1 and pH 7.9. These observations revealed that the carbofuran removal was probably due to the adsorption of carbofuran on the GAC surface and subsequent accelerated degradation of carbofuran on the GAC/GAC-TiO₂ surface. Therefore, the adsorbent medium and the adsorbent supported catalyst could be effectively used for efficient treatment of carbofuran contaminated water in a batch-mode photocatalysis system. Page(s): 225-231 Wed, 01 Apr 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31318 2015-04-01T00:00:00Z