NOPR Collection:

Interpretation on Result of Directions of Suction Opening on Solar Chimney Coherent with Building

Tue, 01 Mar 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Interpretation on Result of Directions of Suction Opening on Solar Chimney Coherent with Building Authors: Kumar, L M; Sivaramakrishnan, V; Premalatha, M; Vivekanandan, M Abstract: The performance of a solar chimney was investigated and integrated into a one -storey building. It was designed, manufactured and tested through the selection of different suction openings for the entry of air including right, left, front, back, both right & left and both front & back sides. A module was developed and implemented in CFD for identification of the energy effect on solar chimneys. Experimental results showed that in Tiruchirappalli (Longitude +78.69E, Latitude +10.81) the air changes per hour increased and decreased for various suction openings, indicating that there was a correct orientation of suction opening for a solar chimney for maximum ventilation. The results show that the solar chimney with 50⁰ inclination angle at the left inlet suction opening was found to provide maximum ventilation. The findings between the CFD and experimental results show good agreement. Page(s): 194-199

Using Response Surface Methodology in Optimisation of Biodiesel Production via Alkali Catalysed Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil

Tue, 01 Mar 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Using Response Surface Methodology in Optimisation of Biodiesel Production via Alkali Catalysed Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Authors: Naidoo, R; Sithole, B; Obwaka, E Abstract: The report focuses on optimisation of alkali catalysis as a process for producing biodiesel from waste cooking oils. Biodiesel production parameters that were optimised were methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time. A statistical experimental design was conducted using the central composite design method and surface methodology, and the results obtained were analysed using a statistical software package to predict the optimal yields and parameters for the process. The predictions were analysed and the most suitable parameters for biodiesel production were selected. From the results the optimum parameters for biodiesel production were a reaction temperature of 68.4^oC, a reaction time of 1.9 hours, a catalyst concentration of 0.75 wt % potassium hydroxide, and a 0.3:1 methanol to oil weight ratio. The optimum yield of biodiesel from these optimum parameters was predicted to be 98.5%. Thus, alkali catalysis was determined to be a suitable process for production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Page(s): 188-193

Statistical Optimization for Enhanced Production of Cellulase from Sugarcane Bagasse using Response Surface Methodology

Tue, 01 Mar 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Statistical Optimization for Enhanced Production of Cellulase from Sugarcane Bagasse using Response Surface Methodology Authors: Pachauri, P; Sullia, S B; Deshmukh, S Abstract: The study describes the isolation and identification of fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum (GENBANK accession number: KM274866) and the optimum solid state fermentation conditions required for cellulase production based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Taguchi model. When different lignocellulosic substrates were used, sugarcane bagasse supported highest (0.169 U/ml) cellulase production. Statistical optimization using Taguchii model revealed culture parameters such as Lactose which was a carbon source and cellulase inducer, CaCl₂ and temperature to significantly influence cellulase production. These parameters were further optimized using RSM, and the optimal concentrations for growth of the organism was found to be 0.382 mg/ml for lactose and 1.932 mgs/ml for CaCl₂ at an optimal temperature of 30°C. Under optimal media conditions an 8 fold increase in cellulase production was observed. Page(s): 181-187

Effect of Microencapsulation of Vitamin C with Gum Arabic, Whey Protein Isolate and some Blends on its Stability

Tue, 01 Mar 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Effect of Microencapsulation of Vitamin C with Gum Arabic, Whey Protein Isolate and some Blends on its Stability Authors: Al-Ismail, K; El-Dijani, L; Al-Khatib, H; Saleh, M Abstract: Vitamin C was microencapsulated using different microcapsules sources; gum Arabic (GA), whey protein isolates (WPI) or their Mixtures (WPI + GA) by spray drying technique. The stability of the encapsulated oil was evaluated by determining the concentration of encapsulated vitamin C during storage period at (25 ºC and 37 ºC). Results showed that GA microcapsules had the highest microencapsulation efficiency and retention of vitamin C throughout the storage period, regardless of the incubation temperature. On the other hand, WPI microcapsules provided the lowest microencapsulation efficiency and retention of vitamin C. WPI+GA at different mixing proportions: 1:1 and 3:1, respectively showed intermediate microencapsulation efficiency and retention of vitamin C compared to single component matrices. The outer surface of the microcapsules showed dents and it is nearly to be globular with concavities and a few pores or cracks. Particle size distribution showed a main mode in intermediate diameter range of 4-9µm. Page(s): 176-180