http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/36524 Mon, 12 Oct 2026 21:38:32 GMT 2026-10-12T21:38:32Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/36585 Title: Indian Space Programme Authors: Pant, N Abstract: The paper provides an overview of the evolution of the Indian Space Programme right from the days of modest but well conceived experimental efforts during the early 60's to the present day of operational and quasi-operational space applications. The organizational structure and the systematic steps by which this growth has been accomplished through the phases of learning, experimentation and operationalization are presented. The significant achievements, in each of the major areas viz., the launch vehicles, space-craft, support facilities, space applications and data products are also brought out along with the technological spin-offs. The action plan for the immediate future in each of the areas has also been outlined which eventually paves the way for achieving self sufficiency in the field of space technology. Page(s): 402-432 Wed, 01 Oct 1986 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/36585 1986-10-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/36584 Title: Fifty Years of Solar Radio Astronomy Authors: Kundu, M R Abstract: An account is given of the history of solar radio astronomy, starting from the early failures to the serendipitous discovery of solar radio waves by Hey in 1942. Major advances in solar radio research at meter-decameter, kilometer-hectometer and centimeter wavelengths are discussed. Observations of flare associated radio bursts and their interpretations in terms of plasma and gyrosynchrotron radiations are discussed. In-situ measurements from space of plasma oscillations in association with type III bursts and of one-dimensional electron velocity distributions have confirmed their interpretation by plasma radiation. Radioheliograph measurements at meter-decameter wavelengths and spacecraft measurements at kilometer-hectometer wavelengthss of type III bursts have shown that the type III electron streams travel along dense coronal streamers and along archimedean spiral trajectories. High spatial resolution observations of active regions and bursts at centimeter wavelengths, using large arrays with arc second resolution have shown the power of such measurements in measuring coronal magnetic fields, understanding the physics of coronal loops, measuring the magnetic field topology in the vicinity of flares and thereby understanding the origin of solar flares. Page(s): 381-401 Wed, 01 Oct 1986 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/36584 1986-10-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/36583 Title: Evolution of Research in Different Astronomies in India Authors: Bhattacharyya, J C Abstract: The evolution of astronomical studies is reviewed with special reference to important achievements on Indian soil since the introduction of telescopic observations in the early seventeenth century. Important activities in nineteenth and early twentieth century in theoretical and observational astronomy have been covered. The growth of non-optical methods of observations and their applications by scientists in India have been briefly described. The paper also summarizes the present state of astronomical research in the country. Page(s): 375-380 Wed, 01 Oct 1986 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/36583 1986-10-01T00:00:00Z http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/36582 Title: Evolution of Research on Electron Devices in India Authors: Deb, S Abstract: This review seeks to give a broad coverage of the research efforts in the field of electron devices in India. Starting with the earlier work in the field by Sir J.C. Bose, the pioneering effort of Prof. S.K. Mitra in initiating systematic work on electron tubes is recalled. The course of events following the advent of the semiconductor age is outlined giving brief accounts of the activities in some of the National Laboratories, research institutes, industries, the IITs and the universities. The roles of the principal funding agencies are discussed. The importance of more intensive and purposeful approach, greater interaction between industries and research organizations, better appreciation of the key rote of basic investigations on development of new devices, are emphasized. Page(s): 367-374 Wed, 01 Oct 1986 00:00:00 GMT http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/36582 1986-10-01T00:00:00Z