NOPR Collection:

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity by standardized extract of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. ex Wight bark

Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity by standardized extract of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. ex Wight bark Authors: Vijayalakshmi, A; Ravichandiran, V; Masilamani, K Abstract: A standardized ethanol extract of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. ex Wight bark was tested in vitro for anti-inflammatory activity on key pro-inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and membrane stabilizing potential. The extract was standardized in terms of the presence of flavonoids by HPLC, total phenolics by Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavonoid content using AlCl₃ method, and free radical scavenging activity using inhibition of hydroxyl, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and nitric oxide radical. The anti-inflammatory effect was screened using cyclooxygenase inhibition and membrane stabilizing potential. In the HPLC analysis, 4 flavonoids were identified by comparing with the calibration curve derived from the standard rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin. The total phenolic content and flavonoid contents were found to be 13.80 and 5.7 % w/w, respectively. Significant hydroxyl, DPPH, and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity was observed with IC₅₀ values of 230, 220, and 180 µg/mL, respectively. The ethanol extract significantly protected the rat erythrocyte membrane against lysis induced by hypotonic solution. The ability of the extract to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) was determined by calculating percent inhibition of PGE₂ production measured by enzyme immunoassay. The extract inhibited both enzymes with IC₅₀ value of 45 and 37 µg/mL, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of G. rottleriformis bark could be at least in part due to free radical-scavenging activity and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition. Page(s): 269-276

Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava L. leaves in tacrine-induced orofacial dyskinesia by assessing its neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations in rats

Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava L. leaves in tacrine-induced orofacial dyskinesia by assessing its neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations in rats Authors: Mohan, Mahalaxmi; Chintala, Saritha; Yarlagadda, Sanjyothi Abstract: The present study investigated the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava L. against tacrine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats. Behavioral assessments such as vacuous chewing movements, tongue protrusions, orofacial bursts, locomotion, and cognition were recorded. Forebrain of tacrine treated animals was assessed for its antioxidant levels. P. guajava (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (P <0.05) inhibited tacrine induced vacuous chewing movements, tongue protrusions, orofacial bursts and significantly (P <0.05) increased locomotion and cognition. Treatment with P. guajava (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant elevation in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the forebrain region as compared to the tacrine treated group of animals. Results suggest that P. guajava extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) has good potential to ameliorate tacrine induced orofacial dyskinesia. Page(s): 277-281

Phytochemical profiling and effect of Andrographis echioides (L.) Neesleaf extract on glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cell lines – An in vitro study

Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Phytochemical profiling and effect of Andrographis echioides (L.) Neesleaf extract on glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cell lines – An in vitro study Authors: Sivalingam, Sindhu; Kandhasamy, Sivakumar; Vijayan, Karthikeyan; Perumal, Arumugam Abstract: The human population worldwide appears to be in the midst of an epidemic of diabetes, a metabolic disorder characterised by problems in carbohydrate metabolism. The existing synthetic drugs have several limitations such as, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Thus, in spite of remarkable progress in the treatment of diabetes by oral hypoglycemic agents, search for newer drugs continues. Hence, in the present study, Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees was examined for its in vitro antidiabetic efficacy by amylase inhibition and glucose uptake by 3T3 cell lines assays. In addition, the bioactive components were analysed by GC-MS technique. The data obtained suggests that methanol extract of A. echioides was effective in enhancing glucose uptake by the 3T3 cell lines in vitro. The GC-MS profile revealed the presence of 5-ethyl-2-imino thiazolidin-4-one recorded at 15.95min. Literature survey has proved that thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have important biological activities and thus, the antidiabetic potential of A. echioides can be related to its presence. Further mechanistic studies could be taken up to prove the effect in vivo. Page(s): 282-286

Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of extracts from the bark of a semi arid plant Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth

Thu, 01 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of extracts from the bark of a semi arid plant Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Authors: Jaiswal, Priyanka; Kumar, Padma Abstract: In the present study, use of ethnomedicinal plant/ plant parts for the treatment of disease with little or no side effect is investigated against the pathogens related to infectious diseases. Bark of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth was collected and air dried and soxhlet extracted by using standard methods for flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid and different solvents. These extracts were then tested for antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and total activity (TA) were also calculated. Statistical analysis like mean value and standard deviation were calculated for the test bacteria and fungi. Data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and P values were considered significant at P > 0.005. Among the seven extracts, methanol extract exhibited highest inhibition zone (20 mm) against R. planticola. P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and R. planticola were observed to be more susceptible pathogens in the investigation followed by B. subtilis, E. aerogenes,and E. coli. Bound flavonoid and methanolic extracts of the bark of A. lebbeck were found to be most bioactive. The range of MIC and MBC of extracts recorded was 0.625-0.078 mg/mL and 0.312- 0.039 mg/mL, respectively. The lowest MIC value 0.078 mg/mL was recorded against R. planticola, indicating significant antimicrobial potential of test extracts. High values of TA were observed against R. planticola, followed by S. aureus. Results of the present study revealed that the bark extracts of A. lebbeck showed great antimicrobial potential against the tested microorganisms and may be exploited for future antimicrobial drugs. Page(s): 287-292